1 00:00:08,390 --> 00:00:06,309 good afternoon everyone i want to 2 00:00:10,150 --> 00:00:08,400 welcome all of you uh to the national 3 00:00:11,350 --> 00:00:10,160 air and space museum my name is jennifer 4 00:00:18,470 --> 00:00:11,360 lavasser 5 00:00:22,950 --> 00:00:20,470 it is my honor and pleasure to get to 6 00:00:24,710 --> 00:00:22,960 introduce astronaut kevin ford who's 7 00:00:26,390 --> 00:00:24,720 here to talk to us about his experience 8 00:00:29,910 --> 00:00:26,400 in space 9 00:00:33,510 --> 00:00:29,920 kevin is a retired u.s air force colonel 10 00:00:36,110 --> 00:00:33,520 and he joined nasa in 2000 he flew he 11 00:00:38,389 --> 00:00:36,120 was the pilot of space shuttle flight 12 00:00:41,030 --> 00:00:38,399 sts-128 which 13 00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:41,040 occurred in 2009 happened to be on the 14 00:00:44,790 --> 00:00:43,040 pilot of our own discovery out at the 15 00:00:47,029 --> 00:00:44,800 udvar-hazy center 16 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:47,039 he also flew to the international space 17 00:00:51,430 --> 00:00:49,760 station in october of 2012 and was 18 00:00:54,950 --> 00:00:51,440 commander of the space station from 19 00:00:56,549 --> 00:00:54,960 november through march of 2013. so he's 20 00:00:58,229 --> 00:00:56,559 only been back on earth for just a few 21 00:01:00,790 --> 00:00:58,239 months 22 00:01:04,630 --> 00:01:00,800 colonel ford has over 4 000 hours of 23 00:01:07,670 --> 00:01:04,640 flying experience and 157 days in space 24 00:01:09,670 --> 00:01:07,680 he's a native of indiana and comes 25 00:01:12,070 --> 00:01:09,680 from the university of notre dame with a 26 00:01:13,830 --> 00:01:12,080 bachelor of science degree he has master 27 00:01:16,149 --> 00:01:13,840 of science degrees from troy state 28 00:01:18,230 --> 00:01:16,159 university and the university of florida 29 00:01:20,149 --> 00:01:18,240 and has a phd from the air force 30 00:01:21,990 --> 00:01:20,159 institute of technology 31 00:01:28,310 --> 00:01:22,000 welcome all to all of you and let's 32 00:01:32,149 --> 00:01:29,749 all right 33 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:32,159 thank you jennifer and uh thank you for 34 00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:34,000 not saying anything uh negative about 35 00:01:38,469 --> 00:01:36,400 notre dame i know you're a michigan grad 36 00:01:40,550 --> 00:01:38,479 and that took some restraint i know i 37 00:01:43,190 --> 00:01:40,560 appreciate the introduction it's great 38 00:01:45,590 --> 00:01:43,200 to be here in our nation's air and space 39 00:01:48,469 --> 00:01:45,600 museum and uh my 40 00:01:51,030 --> 00:01:48,479 my uh spaceship discovery is now uh here 41 00:01:52,469 --> 00:01:51,040 at the space uh the space museum as well 42 00:01:54,870 --> 00:01:52,479 and i haven't had a chance to see it 43 00:01:56,630 --> 00:01:54,880 myself yet but i can't wait to get over 44 00:01:58,789 --> 00:01:56,640 and see that 45 00:02:00,149 --> 00:01:58,799 i did have a the great opportunity and 46 00:02:01,910 --> 00:02:00,159 good fortune of flying space shuttle 47 00:02:04,389 --> 00:02:01,920 discovery to the international space 48 00:02:05,670 --> 00:02:04,399 station in late 2009 49 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:05,680 and then having the opportunity to 50 00:02:11,029 --> 00:02:08,080 return again on a soyuz spacecraft a 51 00:02:12,869 --> 00:02:11,039 russian soyuz to spend uh 52 00:02:15,830 --> 00:02:12,879 five almost five months on the space 53 00:02:17,830 --> 00:02:15,840 station just uh just late last fall uh 54 00:02:19,190 --> 00:02:17,840 through the spring so i did just return 55 00:02:21,510 --> 00:02:19,200 just 56 00:02:23,750 --> 00:02:21,520 two months ago 57 00:02:24,869 --> 00:02:23,760 i see and out here a little bit 58 00:02:26,949 --> 00:02:24,879 just 59 00:02:28,630 --> 00:02:26,959 you know 60 00:02:29,830 --> 00:02:28,640 the mic i think that's cutting out a 61 00:02:33,030 --> 00:02:29,840 little bit 62 00:02:36,229 --> 00:02:33,040 uh and uh how to had a great 63 00:02:38,150 --> 00:02:36,239 living aboard is very different than uh 64 00:02:44,470 --> 00:02:38,160 than visiting on a space shuttle mission 65 00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:45,589 okay i think i'm going to go to the 66 00:02:48,869 --> 00:02:47,040 handheld mics and so it's cutting out 67 00:02:51,430 --> 00:02:48,879 just a little bit there for 68 00:02:53,030 --> 00:02:51,440 our audience outside the building uh the 69 00:02:55,030 --> 00:02:53,040 the living in space is a completely 70 00:02:57,509 --> 00:02:55,040 different thing than visiting on a space 71 00:03:00,550 --> 00:02:57,519 shuttle sortie uh the short the shuttle 72 00:03:02,309 --> 00:03:00,560 sortie of about two weeks is very uh 73 00:03:04,229 --> 00:03:02,319 choreographed orchestrated planned ahead 74 00:03:06,070 --> 00:03:04,239 of time checklists are written out and 75 00:03:07,270 --> 00:03:06,080 we do everything deliver the cargo we 76 00:03:09,589 --> 00:03:07,280 get in and we get out of there and we 77 00:03:11,430 --> 00:03:09,599 try not to disturb the resident crew and 78 00:03:13,990 --> 00:03:11,440 being there as a resident crew doing 79 00:03:15,270 --> 00:03:14,000 science living on board and spending 80 00:03:17,350 --> 00:03:15,280 months and months there is a very 81 00:03:19,589 --> 00:03:17,360 different experience so i'm going to 82 00:03:21,589 --> 00:03:19,599 share today with you uh the information 83 00:03:22,949 --> 00:03:21,599 more about the expedition but at the end 84 00:03:24,070 --> 00:03:22,959 of the session in about a half an hour 85 00:03:26,390 --> 00:03:24,080 we're going to take some questions and 86 00:03:29,030 --> 00:03:26,400 if anybody has any questions about 87 00:03:31,030 --> 00:03:29,040 discovery itself or the soyuz operations 88 00:03:32,949 --> 00:03:31,040 and how they are similar and different 89 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:32,959 please feel free to ask if we could go 90 00:03:39,910 --> 00:03:36,560 to the first slide i flew up on a soyuz 91 00:03:41,750 --> 00:03:39,920 called soyuz 32s because it was the 32nd 92 00:03:44,229 --> 00:03:41,760 soyuz to visit the international space 93 00:03:46,309 --> 00:03:44,239 station the program history soyuz have 94 00:03:48,869 --> 00:03:46,319 flown many many uh hundreds and hundreds 95 00:03:50,390 --> 00:03:48,879 of sorties safely but this was the 32nd 96 00:03:51,750 --> 00:03:50,400 one to the the space station the 97 00:03:54,550 --> 00:03:51,760 international space station they also 98 00:03:56,949 --> 00:03:54,560 flew to mir and uh before that to solute 99 00:03:58,309 --> 00:03:56,959 and so forth so um there's a there's our 100 00:04:01,110 --> 00:03:58,319 international space station on the 101 00:04:03,350 --> 00:04:01,120 screen and also uh the rocket that i 102 00:04:05,030 --> 00:04:03,360 flew up on that rocket the soyuz rocket 103 00:04:07,350 --> 00:04:05,040 is about the size of a space shuttle 104 00:04:09,350 --> 00:04:07,360 solid rocket booster so quite a bit 105 00:04:10,949 --> 00:04:09,360 smaller than the space shuttle is itself 106 00:04:12,949 --> 00:04:10,959 its sole purpose is just to carry the 107 00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:12,959 three people up there deliver them and 108 00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:14,560 then serve as a lifeboat while you're on 109 00:04:18,550 --> 00:04:16,400 board the space station and come home 110 00:04:21,030 --> 00:04:18,560 again there's a beautiful model in this 111 00:04:22,469 --> 00:04:21,040 uh in this uh area right here that you 112 00:04:24,310 --> 00:04:22,479 can have a look at before you leave too 113 00:04:26,950 --> 00:04:24,320 i'm gonna spend some time admiring it 114 00:04:28,390 --> 00:04:26,960 it's uh it really gives you a nice feel 115 00:04:29,909 --> 00:04:28,400 of the three-dimensional nature of the 116 00:04:30,790 --> 00:04:29,919 space station if you'll give me the next 117 00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:30,800 slide 118 00:04:35,430 --> 00:04:32,800 i put this this photo in to show you it 119 00:04:37,430 --> 00:04:35,440 was taken at the end of sts-132 as the 120 00:04:39,749 --> 00:04:37,440 space shuttle was departing and it's 121 00:04:41,990 --> 00:04:39,759 almost completely in its glory there you 122 00:04:43,270 --> 00:04:42,000 can see a soyuz dock to the top port 123 00:04:45,030 --> 00:04:43,280 there with those little bitty solar 124 00:04:47,830 --> 00:04:45,040 arrays up in the middle and that is 125 00:04:50,150 --> 00:04:47,840 where when i arrived back in october we 126 00:04:52,150 --> 00:04:50,160 parked our soyuz on a module called 127 00:04:53,670 --> 00:04:52,160 poisk which means 128 00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:53,680 search kind of is in search for 129 00:04:57,350 --> 00:04:55,280 knowledge that's where we parked and we 130 00:04:59,189 --> 00:04:57,360 left our soyuz there for the for the 131 00:05:01,029 --> 00:04:59,199 five months we were on board next slide 132 00:05:02,870 --> 00:05:01,039 please this just gives you a feel for 133 00:05:04,390 --> 00:05:02,880 the size it's really hard for people to 134 00:05:06,230 --> 00:05:04,400 imagine how big the international space 135 00:05:07,590 --> 00:05:06,240 station is i can tell you when you see 136 00:05:09,350 --> 00:05:07,600 it out the windows as you're approaching 137 00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:09,360 it looks absolutely huge there's a 138 00:05:14,390 --> 00:05:11,280 football field underneath it where the 139 00:05:16,469 --> 00:05:14,400 nasa football team plays and you can see 140 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:16,479 how how big and how much acreage it 141 00:05:21,670 --> 00:05:18,800 covers the interior volume is about the 142 00:05:23,430 --> 00:05:21,680 interior of what would be a 747 aircraft 143 00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:23,440 if you emptied out this gives us a lot 144 00:05:28,550 --> 00:05:26,720 of room to live and to do science and 145 00:05:30,469 --> 00:05:28,560 maintenance and stow things that you 146 00:05:33,590 --> 00:05:30,479 might need during the course of the 147 00:05:35,670 --> 00:05:33,600 expedition next slide please 148 00:05:38,629 --> 00:05:35,680 we leave now to and from the space 149 00:05:40,950 --> 00:05:38,639 station at the current time on a soyuz 150 00:05:42,870 --> 00:05:40,960 rocket that again just carries three 151 00:05:45,350 --> 00:05:42,880 crew members the spacecraft itself is 152 00:05:46,710 --> 00:05:45,360 tiny and fits underneath the nose of the 153 00:05:49,029 --> 00:05:46,720 fairing on the front of the rocket and 154 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:49,039 that rocket booster takes us to space in 155 00:05:53,029 --> 00:05:51,440 about nine minutes and this is what it 156 00:05:55,430 --> 00:05:53,039 looks like in kazakhstan you can see we 157 00:05:58,790 --> 00:05:55,440 don't have quite the crowd in kazakhstan 158 00:06:01,430 --> 00:05:58,800 that we would have in florida next slide 159 00:06:03,110 --> 00:06:01,440 there's a after you get into space and 160 00:06:05,350 --> 00:06:03,120 the rocket has done its job and 161 00:06:06,950 --> 00:06:05,360 delivered you there the solar arrays pop 162 00:06:09,350 --> 00:06:06,960 out and you'll see uh you'll get to see 163 00:06:10,790 --> 00:06:09,360 a little uh video in the in the movie 164 00:06:13,029 --> 00:06:10,800 i'm going to show in a second where you 165 00:06:14,550 --> 00:06:13,039 can see those arrays extending and this 166 00:06:16,710 --> 00:06:14,560 is what the spacecraft looks like that 167 00:06:18,710 --> 00:06:16,720 spacecraft is actually made up of that 168 00:06:20,790 --> 00:06:18,720 bulb on the front that's the habitation 169 00:06:23,510 --> 00:06:20,800 module if you can see that 170 00:06:25,749 --> 00:06:23,520 that's not accessible during launch 171 00:06:27,510 --> 00:06:25,759 it's closed off and that's where we live 172 00:06:28,870 --> 00:06:27,520 during the two-day transit to the 173 00:06:31,270 --> 00:06:28,880 international space station because it 174 00:06:33,590 --> 00:06:31,280 takes us as a routine about 50 hours to 175 00:06:34,950 --> 00:06:33,600 get there the middle section of that 176 00:06:37,670 --> 00:06:34,960 piece right there looks like a little 177 00:06:39,670 --> 00:06:37,680 gumdrop shape and that is the descent 178 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:39,680 module and that's the piece that we end 179 00:06:43,189 --> 00:06:41,440 up coming all the way to the ground in 180 00:06:45,510 --> 00:06:43,199 that's the only part of the spacecraft 181 00:06:46,950 --> 00:06:45,520 that survives re-entry all the way to 182 00:06:48,870 --> 00:06:46,960 the ground and it's got the parachutes 183 00:06:51,270 --> 00:06:48,880 in it it's got a main and a spare and 184 00:06:53,189 --> 00:06:51,280 that's how we get home safely and then 185 00:06:56,070 --> 00:06:53,199 the bottom section is the electrical you 186 00:06:57,670 --> 00:06:56,080 can see the arrays and the solar well 187 00:06:59,589 --> 00:06:57,680 the solar arrays and the propulsion 188 00:07:01,670 --> 00:06:59,599 system on the back and lots of antennas 189 00:07:03,830 --> 00:07:01,680 and this is where the main engine is as 190 00:07:05,510 --> 00:07:03,840 well that allows us to increase our 191 00:07:07,430 --> 00:07:05,520 altitude and do our rendezvous with the 192 00:07:09,110 --> 00:07:07,440 space station and then when it's time to 193 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:09,120 come home to fly away from the space 194 00:07:13,670 --> 00:07:12,160 station safely and then do our slow down 195 00:07:16,070 --> 00:07:13,680 burn we have to burn 196 00:07:18,629 --> 00:07:16,080 an engine for about almost five minutes 197 00:07:21,430 --> 00:07:18,639 now from the 250 miles of altitude and 198 00:07:23,510 --> 00:07:21,440 that slowing down is what allows us to 199 00:07:25,270 --> 00:07:23,520 fall back to the earth and out of orbit 200 00:07:26,629 --> 00:07:25,280 we now if once we've slowed down we 201 00:07:28,710 --> 00:07:26,639 don't have the speed to stay in orbit 202 00:07:31,510 --> 00:07:28,720 anymore we fall back we catch the 203 00:07:33,510 --> 00:07:31,520 atmosphere and we essentially re-enter 204 00:07:34,950 --> 00:07:33,520 just like a meteor would so 205 00:07:36,629 --> 00:07:34,960 that's the way we come home and then a 206 00:07:41,029 --> 00:07:36,639 parachute to a hard landing on the 207 00:07:43,670 --> 00:07:41,039 ground in kazakhstan next slide please 208 00:07:46,070 --> 00:07:43,680 this is just a really cool space shot of 209 00:07:48,469 --> 00:07:46,080 my buddies that joined me in the middle 210 00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:48,479 of the the expedition and my time on 211 00:07:52,230 --> 00:07:50,240 board coming in the moon in the 212 00:07:55,029 --> 00:07:52,240 background and the soyuz pointing at us 213 00:07:57,749 --> 00:07:55,039 in the black of space it's really 214 00:07:59,110 --> 00:07:57,759 it's really an amazing set of machines 215 00:08:01,270 --> 00:07:59,120 but when you get into space and you look 216 00:08:03,430 --> 00:08:01,280 at the beauty of it it seems uh so 217 00:08:06,150 --> 00:08:03,440 simple against the blackness of the 218 00:08:07,589 --> 00:08:06,160 cosmos next slide 219 00:08:10,869 --> 00:08:07,599 these are the crews i was there as part 220 00:08:13,270 --> 00:08:10,879 of expedition 33 and then expedition 34. 221 00:08:15,110 --> 00:08:13,280 so you usually split your time you're a 222 00:08:16,629 --> 00:08:15,120 three-person crew that goes up and you 223 00:08:18,150 --> 00:08:16,639 join a three-person crew that's already 224 00:08:20,070 --> 00:08:18,160 been there so they're the senior crew if 225 00:08:21,749 --> 00:08:20,080 you will and then we're the junior crew 226 00:08:24,629 --> 00:08:21,759 for a while they teach us all about the 227 00:08:27,029 --> 00:08:24,639 station space station get us all set up 228 00:08:29,270 --> 00:08:27,039 hand it over and then they leave and a 229 00:08:31,749 --> 00:08:29,280 new crew comes up so that's my first uh 230 00:08:34,070 --> 00:08:31,759 six six-person expedition the top left 231 00:08:35,909 --> 00:08:34,080 and the final compliment we had on board 232 00:08:37,670 --> 00:08:35,919 on the bottom right three members of the 233 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:37,680 crew on the bottom right picture there 234 00:08:43,350 --> 00:08:40,320 are uh in the dark blue seats uh 235 00:08:46,150 --> 00:08:43,360 romanenko hadfield marshburn just landed 236 00:08:47,990 --> 00:08:46,160 last night in kazakhstan and are on 237 00:08:49,750 --> 00:08:48,000 their way back to their homes as we 238 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:49,760 speak i know hadfield and marshburn are 239 00:08:53,509 --> 00:08:51,600 in an airplane somewhere over the 240 00:08:56,710 --> 00:08:53,519 atlantic headed to houston at this very 241 00:08:58,070 --> 00:08:56,720 second next slide 242 00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:58,080 this is the last slide i'm going to show 243 00:09:01,190 --> 00:08:59,360 before i start a little bit of a crew 244 00:09:02,550 --> 00:09:01,200 movie and i wanted to show you this one 245 00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:02,560 because in the movie you're going to see 246 00:09:07,110 --> 00:09:04,720 these two guys flying these two little 247 00:09:09,590 --> 00:09:07,120 bowling ball sized satellites are called 248 00:09:11,670 --> 00:09:09,600 spheres it's just one of the 249 00:09:13,350 --> 00:09:11,680 engineering test bed things that we do 250 00:09:15,190 --> 00:09:13,360 on space station if you will and these 251 00:09:16,470 --> 00:09:15,200 two these satellites can fly around they 252 00:09:18,230 --> 00:09:16,480 have their own propulsion system and 253 00:09:19,910 --> 00:09:18,240 their own brains and i wanted to show 254 00:09:21,030 --> 00:09:19,920 you this because in the movie you can't 255 00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:21,040 tell it very well but the one on the 256 00:09:24,710 --> 00:09:23,040 left there the red guy actually has his 257 00:09:27,110 --> 00:09:24,720 own brains and his own eyes you can see 258 00:09:29,829 --> 00:09:27,120 the the lens caps there on the glasses 259 00:09:31,829 --> 00:09:29,839 and he can find the blue satellite fly 260 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:31,839 over to it fly in look at it from a 261 00:09:35,590 --> 00:09:33,760 certain angle which is all very useful 262 00:09:37,269 --> 00:09:35,600 someday in space if you want to send 263 00:09:39,030 --> 00:09:37,279 your robot out to go look for pneumonia 264 00:09:40,550 --> 00:09:39,040 leak you could just put it out the hatch 265 00:09:42,070 --> 00:09:40,560 you could go out go find the leak take 266 00:09:43,670 --> 00:09:42,080 pictures of it and send it back inside 267 00:09:45,670 --> 00:09:43,680 to you we wouldn't have to go out and do 268 00:09:47,990 --> 00:09:45,680 a spacewalk and invest all those 269 00:09:50,470 --> 00:09:48,000 resources a few three or four days of 270 00:09:53,110 --> 00:09:50,480 resources to go find problems like that 271 00:09:55,030 --> 00:09:53,120 so if you could now we'll take it to the 272 00:09:56,790 --> 00:09:55,040 to the movie and i'll be uh just 273 00:10:00,070 --> 00:09:56,800 narrating most of the movie there is 274 00:10:01,269 --> 00:10:00,080 some sound uh as well so i'll i'll quiet 275 00:10:03,269 --> 00:10:01,279 down a little bit when there's something 276 00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:03,279 to be heard 277 00:10:08,710 --> 00:10:05,600 so these are clips uh really both of uh 278 00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:08,720 expedition 33 and 34. again we launched 279 00:10:12,150 --> 00:10:10,880 uh on the 23rd of october out of 280 00:10:15,350 --> 00:10:12,160 kazakhstan 281 00:10:17,509 --> 00:10:15,360 and uh on the on the days prior to the 282 00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:17,519 to arriving in kazakhstan they roll the 283 00:10:21,590 --> 00:10:18,880 rocket out they take it out of its 284 00:10:23,590 --> 00:10:21,600 hangar on a train track and early 285 00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:23,600 morning the prime crew doesn't ever get 286 00:10:27,190 --> 00:10:25,120 to see the rocket before launch but the 287 00:10:29,030 --> 00:10:27,200 backup crew gets to go see you can see 288 00:10:30,870 --> 00:10:29,040 it's got strap-on boosters on the back 289 00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:30,880 and a middle section it's got kerosene 290 00:10:34,310 --> 00:10:32,720 and liquid oxygen is propellant and then 291 00:10:36,150 --> 00:10:34,320 the spacecraft is underneath the white 292 00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:36,160 section on the front which you'll see in 293 00:10:39,509 --> 00:10:38,000 just a minute it never hurts to get a 294 00:10:41,509 --> 00:10:39,519 little blessing before you go fly in 295 00:10:43,350 --> 00:10:41,519 space we are very happy to get that 296 00:10:45,190 --> 00:10:43,360 nobody ever turns that down as far as i 297 00:10:47,750 --> 00:10:45,200 know we'll take all the luck we can get 298 00:10:49,269 --> 00:10:47,760 and all the help we can get so walk out 299 00:10:52,470 --> 00:10:49,279 to the bus usually some of the family 300 00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:52,480 members get to come and join us and and 301 00:10:56,389 --> 00:10:54,720 see us off real briefly we are 302 00:10:58,069 --> 00:10:56,399 quarantined so it's very carefully 303 00:10:59,990 --> 00:10:58,079 controlled those are doctors walking 304 00:11:01,509 --> 00:11:00,000 behind us to make sure we don't touch 305 00:11:02,949 --> 00:11:01,519 any of the wrong people we're allowed to 306 00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:02,959 touch the big shots but we're not 307 00:11:07,190 --> 00:11:04,480 allowed to touch any of the wrong people 308 00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:07,200 so we get suited up we do wear pressure 309 00:11:11,910 --> 00:11:10,320 suits on ascent and entry as well and 310 00:11:13,030 --> 00:11:11,920 you climb in through that opening right 311 00:11:15,590 --> 00:11:13,040 there and then they tie it up with 312 00:11:17,350 --> 00:11:15,600 rubber bands twice they fold it over and 313 00:11:19,190 --> 00:11:17,360 they stick it in and you zip it up tight 314 00:11:21,829 --> 00:11:19,200 and it actually holds pressure just fine 315 00:11:23,990 --> 00:11:21,839 so we do we do get the suits put on by 316 00:11:25,509 --> 00:11:24,000 professionals we do everything way too 317 00:11:26,630 --> 00:11:25,519 early so there's a lot of sitting around 318 00:11:29,190 --> 00:11:26,640 and waiting 319 00:11:30,710 --> 00:11:29,200 a lot of times before launch time 320 00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:30,720 this is a chance to get in the 321 00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:32,800 specialists make sure the suit is get 322 00:11:37,030 --> 00:11:34,880 them a teaching that's actually air 323 00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:37,040 tight and it can hold pressure and we 324 00:11:41,190 --> 00:11:39,040 make sure that if for some reason on 325 00:11:43,110 --> 00:11:41,200 ascent the spacecraft depressurizes 326 00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:43,120 because of some kind of problem or we 327 00:11:47,190 --> 00:11:45,200 have to re-enter immediately and we have 328 00:11:49,430 --> 00:11:47,200 some kind of depressurization 329 00:11:51,750 --> 00:11:49,440 then we will be safe inside these suits 330 00:11:53,829 --> 00:11:51,760 all pressured up it is like being inside 331 00:11:55,829 --> 00:11:53,839 a really really tight beach ball though 332 00:11:57,350 --> 00:11:55,839 it doesn't give you much mobility it's a 333 00:11:59,829 --> 00:11:57,360 little tight and uncomfortable to work 334 00:12:02,629 --> 00:11:59,839 in but it's better than the alternative 335 00:12:04,710 --> 00:12:02,639 if you were to depressurize to vacuum 336 00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:04,720 so all the formalities a lot of nasa 337 00:12:08,949 --> 00:12:06,720 management came to join us and see us 338 00:12:10,389 --> 00:12:08,959 off which is very heartwarming to see a 339 00:12:12,550 --> 00:12:10,399 lot of your friends 340 00:12:14,310 --> 00:12:12,560 there all the way in kazakhstan much 341 00:12:17,190 --> 00:12:14,320 appreciated the chiefer ross cosmo is 342 00:12:19,670 --> 00:12:17,200 here saying final goodbyes and telling 343 00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:19,680 us not to mess up up the ladder we go we 344 00:12:23,829 --> 00:12:21,920 get into a very small elevator and crawl 345 00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:23,839 up and then spend about oh 45 minutes 346 00:12:27,269 --> 00:12:25,760 getting into our seats uh the first time 347 00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:27,279 you ever actually make the entry into 348 00:12:32,069 --> 00:12:29,040 the spacecraft and take your perch 349 00:12:33,430 --> 00:12:32,079 inside the soyuz is launch day you get 350 00:12:35,430 --> 00:12:33,440 in there once that one other time but 351 00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:35,440 not in the same way you do this day 352 00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:37,200 so here's a little launch sequence i'll 353 00:12:40,389 --> 00:12:38,720 just kind of let the video or the audio 354 00:12:43,829 --> 00:12:40,399 play on this one 355 00:12:46,550 --> 00:12:43,839 lift off liftoff of kevin ford evgeny 356 00:12:48,470 --> 00:12:46,560 tarakin and oleg novitskiy as they head 357 00:13:00,949 --> 00:12:48,480 on a two-day trip to the international 358 00:13:04,949 --> 00:13:02,949 a little bit of high clouds but uh 359 00:13:07,430 --> 00:13:04,959 didn't really get in our way as we punch 360 00:13:10,069 --> 00:13:07,440 up through the rocket launch is just a 361 00:13:11,670 --> 00:13:10,079 big push in the back lots of vibration 362 00:13:14,069 --> 00:13:11,680 lots of stirring left and right and up 363 00:13:16,230 --> 00:13:14,079 and down as the rocket steers itself and 364 00:13:18,470 --> 00:13:16,240 then big booms and bangs is like you can 365 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:18,480 see the strap-on boosters coming up off 366 00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:19,440 right 367 00:13:22,629 --> 00:13:21,120 they last about two minutes then they 368 00:13:24,550 --> 00:13:22,639 separate and fly off and every time one 369 00:13:26,389 --> 00:13:24,560 of these pyrotechnic events happens 370 00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:26,399 there's a big bang inside and you kind 371 00:13:29,750 --> 00:13:27,920 of okay that was supposed to be there 372 00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:29,760 right yeah that was supposed to be there 373 00:13:33,670 --> 00:13:32,000 and then you're happy we have usually 374 00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:33,680 have a little toy hanging inside so that 375 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:35,760 we can see when we're in zero g and kind 376 00:13:39,269 --> 00:13:37,760 of what the g level is you can see that 377 00:13:41,509 --> 00:13:39,279 thing swinging at kind of a high 378 00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:41,519 frequency doesn't quite look normal like 379 00:13:44,629 --> 00:13:42,959 it would swing if you had it hanging at 380 00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:44,639 home and that's because and under the 381 00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:46,320 high g's it swings in a little bit of a 382 00:13:50,949 --> 00:13:49,040 stiffer fashion 383 00:13:52,790 --> 00:13:50,959 we've at this point just shut down the 384 00:13:54,470 --> 00:13:52,800 engines uh this thing's happened fast 385 00:13:56,230 --> 00:13:54,480 here if you look in the window in the 386 00:13:57,990 --> 00:13:56,240 top top of the screen you can see the 387 00:13:59,509 --> 00:13:58,000 solar array through the glass there 388 00:14:01,829 --> 00:13:59,519 that's deployed it's all deployed 389 00:14:03,509 --> 00:14:01,839 automatically and after we get off the 390 00:14:05,829 --> 00:14:03,519 rocket we're kicked off again with like 391 00:14:07,990 --> 00:14:05,839 a pyro explosion and then for the next 392 00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:08,000 orbit we just tumble we just tumble 393 00:14:11,829 --> 00:14:10,240 outside and you can see our toy is 394 00:14:13,110 --> 00:14:11,839 telling us it's floating and if we 395 00:14:14,389 --> 00:14:13,120 weren't strapped in our seats we'd be 396 00:14:16,310 --> 00:14:14,399 doing the same thing but we stayed 397 00:14:18,470 --> 00:14:16,320 strapped in nice and tight for quite a 398 00:14:20,870 --> 00:14:18,480 while because after we get off we fire 399 00:14:23,030 --> 00:14:20,880 up all the spacecraft systems and turn 400 00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:23,040 on the jets and we do some maneuvering 401 00:14:26,470 --> 00:14:25,040 and we do some burns we actually call 402 00:14:29,269 --> 00:14:26,480 them burns when we light our rocket 403 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:29,279 engine and add some altitude to our 404 00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:31,680 orbit at just the right times so that 405 00:14:35,509 --> 00:14:34,000 two days further down the line we'll be 406 00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:35,519 in a position to fly up to the 407 00:14:38,870 --> 00:14:36,880 international space station and 408 00:14:40,629 --> 00:14:38,880 rendezvous with it 409 00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:40,639 so this is oleg my soyuz commander and 410 00:14:44,949 --> 00:14:42,399 you have guinea there's out my window a 411 00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:44,959 little bit of jets firing and so forth 412 00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:47,680 and this is uh taken uh 413 00:14:52,550 --> 00:14:50,320 out out my my right window that's the 414 00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:52,560 nile river valley right there during our 415 00:14:57,269 --> 00:14:54,399 orbits during the first couple days 416 00:14:59,350 --> 00:14:57,279 really spectacular uh to be up there the 417 00:15:01,269 --> 00:14:59,360 two cosmonauts i flew with were both 418 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:01,279 first-time soyuz flyers i don't call 419 00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:02,560 them rookies because they're super 420 00:15:05,670 --> 00:15:04,160 experienced but they 421 00:15:07,590 --> 00:15:05,680 they are first time flyers and of course 422 00:15:09,590 --> 00:15:07,600 it was my my first time in the soyuz as 423 00:15:11,590 --> 00:15:09,600 well so this is a new experience to most 424 00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:11,600 of us that little spin right there on 425 00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:13,600 that toy that's a toy soyuz inside a 426 00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:15,760 real soyuz and that's the kind of spin 427 00:15:19,590 --> 00:15:17,839 we do for a couple days as we're waiting 428 00:15:21,430 --> 00:15:19,600 to catch up and phase up to the 429 00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:21,440 international space station we do that 430 00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:23,360 to stabilize our attitude so that we can 431 00:15:27,430 --> 00:15:25,440 keep our solar rays pointed at the sun 432 00:15:30,470 --> 00:15:27,440 and this is what it looks like out the 433 00:15:31,829 --> 00:15:30,480 window as we as we make this solar spin 434 00:15:33,910 --> 00:15:31,839 it's about two and a half degrees per 435 00:15:36,790 --> 00:15:33,920 second and it just keeps us in a nice 436 00:15:39,269 --> 00:15:36,800 inertial orientation with the sun always 437 00:15:42,470 --> 00:15:39,279 perpendicular to our solar rays 438 00:15:44,389 --> 00:15:42,480 so we rendezvous again after 50 hours so 439 00:15:46,069 --> 00:15:44,399 it's uh it's an amazing time to be in a 440 00:15:47,829 --> 00:15:46,079 tiny little spacecraft the spacecraft 441 00:15:49,430 --> 00:15:47,839 would fit on this stage and flying 442 00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:49,440 through space but then ultimately the 443 00:15:55,430 --> 00:15:52,000 job is to get up to the space station 444 00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:55,440 and get to work that's why uh nasa 445 00:15:58,550 --> 00:15:57,120 takes care of getting our seats for us 446 00:16:00,389 --> 00:15:58,560 with the russians and gets us up there 447 00:16:01,990 --> 00:16:00,399 to do the research this is uh right 448 00:16:04,470 --> 00:16:02,000 after we arrived on board we popped 449 00:16:05,829 --> 00:16:04,480 inside said hello to our new crew five 450 00:16:08,150 --> 00:16:05,839 days after i got there there was a 451 00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:08,160 spacewalk to do so i suited sunny 452 00:16:11,910 --> 00:16:10,320 williams and ocuside up and they went 453 00:16:13,189 --> 00:16:11,920 outside to fix a little problem with an 454 00:16:15,590 --> 00:16:13,199 ammonia leak 455 00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:15,600 outside on the space station 456 00:16:18,470 --> 00:16:16,959 they did take care of the problem then 457 00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:18,480 that problem has recurred a little bit 458 00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:20,480 since and we just had another spacewalk 459 00:16:23,910 --> 00:16:22,320 about four or five days ago in which 460 00:16:25,829 --> 00:16:23,920 those guys went out and did a little bit 461 00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,839 more work out there 462 00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:27,680 they were only with us for about three 463 00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:30,000 weeks just a little bit irregular but we 464 00:16:32,710 --> 00:16:31,360 didn't have too much hand over time with 465 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:32,720 sonny and aki 466 00:16:36,389 --> 00:16:34,320 there i am alone looking out through the 467 00:16:38,230 --> 00:16:36,399 cupola windows and 468 00:16:39,509 --> 00:16:38,240 taking taken some opportunities when i 469 00:16:41,509 --> 00:16:39,519 was there on weekends to get some 470 00:16:43,189 --> 00:16:41,519 photography of the ground and getting 471 00:16:45,189 --> 00:16:43,199 familiar with the earth outside it's 472 00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:45,199 really spectacular when i flew on the 473 00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:47,360 shuttle i had very little time for that 474 00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:49,279 but when i flew on the on the space 475 00:16:53,350 --> 00:16:51,360 station for 144 days i had a lot more 476 00:16:55,189 --> 00:16:53,360 time this is actually the ground in this 477 00:16:56,629 --> 00:16:55,199 area right here if you watch just 478 00:16:59,269 --> 00:16:56,639 shortly on the left side that's patuxent 479 00:17:01,110 --> 00:16:59,279 river maryland right there that base and 480 00:17:02,470 --> 00:17:01,120 i'm showing this because this is if you 481 00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:02,480 look at the ground this is how fast 482 00:17:06,069 --> 00:17:04,000 we're moving we're doing five miles 483 00:17:07,909 --> 00:17:06,079 every single second in the space station 484 00:17:09,590 --> 00:17:07,919 going around the earth every 90 minutes 485 00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:09,600 and i always thought it'd really be neat 486 00:17:13,189 --> 00:17:11,120 to have a space station right down at 487 00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:13,199 ground level flying by and you could 488 00:17:17,750 --> 00:17:15,280 watch it fly by can you imagine 10 miles 489 00:17:19,829 --> 00:17:17,760 away five miles away over you five miles 490 00:17:22,309 --> 00:17:19,839 away and 10 miles away i mean it's just 491 00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:22,319 an incredible rate of speed uh but 492 00:17:24,630 --> 00:17:23,760 because we're up out of the atmosphere 493 00:17:27,429 --> 00:17:24,640 we don't have to worry about 494 00:17:29,029 --> 00:17:27,439 aerodynamics and all is uh safe 495 00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:29,039 so we get in the windows when we can 496 00:17:32,230 --> 00:17:30,720 when we go away we close them up make 497 00:17:33,990 --> 00:17:32,240 sure they don't get struck by any micro 498 00:17:35,270 --> 00:17:34,000 meteorites or anything 499 00:17:37,669 --> 00:17:35,280 while we're up there some interesting 500 00:17:39,590 --> 00:17:37,679 things happen one of them is we had this 501 00:17:41,669 --> 00:17:39,600 really high beta period where the sun is 502 00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:41,679 out to the perpendicular to our orbit 503 00:17:45,830 --> 00:17:44,080 plane so as we fly around the earth we 504 00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:45,840 always are in the sunlight it just stays 505 00:17:49,830 --> 00:17:47,760 over to the side and goes around in 506 00:17:51,750 --> 00:17:49,840 circles for days on end and then slowly 507 00:17:53,510 --> 00:17:51,760 it comes back around and starts to be in 508 00:17:55,270 --> 00:17:53,520 your plane again and goes around you 509 00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:55,280 over your head and back into the earth 510 00:17:58,390 --> 00:17:56,720 and then you get night time again and 511 00:18:00,150 --> 00:17:58,400 daytime again but in the high beta 512 00:18:02,150 --> 00:18:00,160 periods it's always out to the side so 513 00:18:05,110 --> 00:18:02,160 that's really difficult thing for the 514 00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:05,120 thermal guys to deal with during that 515 00:18:09,430 --> 00:18:07,520 just before christmas time we got a new 516 00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:09,440 crew this is the the crew of what we 517 00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:12,480 call 33s the guys who just came home 518 00:18:15,990 --> 00:18:14,320 last night as a matter of fact and this 519 00:18:18,070 --> 00:18:16,000 is a video i took of them docking on 520 00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:18,080 docking day just before christmas some a 521 00:18:21,190 --> 00:18:19,360 little if you watch closely at the end 522 00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:21,200 you'll see thrusters firing on the soyuz 523 00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:23,440 as it comes and it bumps into the proper 524 00:18:26,870 --> 00:18:24,880 place you're allowed to bump into the 525 00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:26,880 space station but only in the place that 526 00:18:31,350 --> 00:18:28,480 the engineers have decided it's okay to 527 00:18:35,669 --> 00:18:31,360 bump into it and it catches on to you 528 00:18:38,710 --> 00:18:36,390 so 529 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:38,720 we had christmas day off and we called 530 00:18:42,150 --> 00:18:40,080 the ground and sang some christmas 531 00:18:43,990 --> 00:18:42,160 carols to them had a little bit of fun 532 00:18:46,549 --> 00:18:44,000 and merriment usually it's very hard 533 00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:46,559 work up there but some days in space or 534 00:18:50,230 --> 00:18:47,840 just made to be 535 00:18:52,870 --> 00:18:50,240 made to be leisure and we had a lot of 536 00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:52,880 fun that day had some santa came to see 537 00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:54,000 us and 538 00:19:05,029 --> 00:18:56,320 it was a day of playing just like 539 00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:07,510 i had to cry uncle finally say no no 540 00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:10,000 more so christmas day this is how we 541 00:19:13,270 --> 00:19:11,760 weigh ourselves so of course after 542 00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:13,280 christmas feast day you have to get 543 00:19:18,070 --> 00:19:15,520 weighed and this works on an engineering 544 00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:18,080 principle where the frequency uh 545 00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:19,919 the the frequency you have depends on 546 00:19:23,669 --> 00:19:21,520 your mass so you can tell exactly what 547 00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:23,679 your mass is we do a lot of science we 548 00:19:26,549 --> 00:19:25,280 drop a lot of things things go flying 549 00:19:29,029 --> 00:19:26,559 away in space 550 00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:29,039 this is me getting to a freezer that's a 551 00:19:34,310 --> 00:19:32,000 minus 95 degrees celsius so it keeps 552 00:19:36,950 --> 00:19:34,320 things frozen very cold that's some 553 00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:36,960 urine samples that i've taken 554 00:19:39,590 --> 00:19:38,480 earlier in the day and i'm putting them 555 00:19:41,270 --> 00:19:39,600 away in the freezer and they'll come 556 00:19:43,430 --> 00:19:41,280 home for science they can tell by 557 00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:43,440 looking at that urine samples and blood 558 00:19:47,110 --> 00:19:45,600 samples how much bone we are losing and 559 00:19:48,789 --> 00:19:47,120 how much gain we're how much we're 560 00:19:49,590 --> 00:19:48,799 gaining back by the types of food we're 561 00:19:51,190 --> 00:19:49,600 eating 562 00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:51,200 i showed you that slide of these two 563 00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:52,880 satellites and that one then my right 564 00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:54,480 hand there is the one that has the 565 00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,760 goggles 566 00:19:58,789 --> 00:19:57,360 and it's actually looking at the other 567 00:20:00,230 --> 00:19:58,799 one and we turn them loose and then 568 00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:00,240 these guys can fly relative to each 569 00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:02,000 other for 15 minutes and the engineers 570 00:20:06,230 --> 00:20:04,400 on the ground can work on the algorithms 571 00:20:07,510 --> 00:20:06,240 they need to to figure out how to 572 00:20:09,750 --> 00:20:07,520 maneuver these things to make them 573 00:20:12,070 --> 00:20:09,760 autonomous how to program them up to go 574 00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:12,080 out and do a job this is running a 575 00:20:16,549 --> 00:20:14,480 little bit faster than real time but you 576 00:20:18,230 --> 00:20:16,559 can see that the blue guy there the 577 00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:18,240 close one to us is doing a little work 578 00:20:21,430 --> 00:20:19,520 on the other guy doing a little 579 00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:21,440 inspection 580 00:20:25,909 --> 00:20:23,039 and this ad this experiment is called 581 00:20:29,590 --> 00:20:28,070 very fun to do on board to set these up 582 00:20:30,789 --> 00:20:29,600 and watch them fly around i might just 583 00:20:32,310 --> 00:20:30,799 something you might do for three hours 584 00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:32,320 on an afternoon 585 00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:34,400 this is a picture of uh some fish that 586 00:20:37,909 --> 00:20:35,679 we had on board while we were up there 587 00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:37,919 called medaka they have bones that are 588 00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:40,000 just like mammals and we can look at how 589 00:20:43,990 --> 00:20:42,400 their bone is created and destroyed and 590 00:20:47,110 --> 00:20:44,000 look at the what they call the 591 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:47,120 osteoclasts and the osteoblast formation 592 00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:49,760 and japanese investigators think that 593 00:20:52,549 --> 00:20:51,039 there's some really good chance that 594 00:20:55,270 --> 00:20:52,559 they'll make a very big impact someday 595 00:20:56,630 --> 00:20:55,280 on osteoporosis and what a legacy just 596 00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:56,640 that alone would be for the space 597 00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:59,280 station if the world's population 598 00:21:04,149 --> 00:21:01,520 someday had some kind of 599 00:21:06,470 --> 00:21:04,159 cure or prevention for osteoporosis so 600 00:21:07,909 --> 00:21:06,480 it makes such a big difference 601 00:21:09,590 --> 00:21:07,919 this is just a piece of equipment that 602 00:21:11,190 --> 00:21:09,600 tom and i worked on for three days there 603 00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:11,200 that's tom marshburn and i and we're 604 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:12,720 just getting ready to put it back and 605 00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:14,720 and reassemble it it's a carbon dioxide 606 00:21:19,270 --> 00:21:16,720 scrubber but it kind of shows you how 607 00:21:22,149 --> 00:21:19,280 massive things just flowed in space and 608 00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:22,159 and how interesting it is to work there 609 00:21:26,470 --> 00:21:24,880 some science is uh is more for 610 00:21:28,230 --> 00:21:26,480 spacecraft this is something they're 611 00:21:30,310 --> 00:21:28,240 looking at how to control fluids and 612 00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:30,320 fuel tanks if you think about your car 613 00:21:33,510 --> 00:21:31,600 at home you never have to worry about 614 00:21:34,789 --> 00:21:33,520 where the gasoline is you know it's on 615 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:34,799 the bottom of the tank and right where 616 00:21:38,549 --> 00:21:36,640 the engineers designed the outlet but in 617 00:21:40,950 --> 00:21:38,559 a rocket that fuel could be anywhere it 618 00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:40,960 migrates to in zero gravity so they're 619 00:21:44,070 --> 00:21:42,240 looking at how to control where the 620 00:21:45,669 --> 00:21:44,080 fluids go where the bubbles go and 621 00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:45,679 that's applicable to pumps on the ground 622 00:21:49,750 --> 00:21:48,000 also and things like syringes i'm sure 623 00:21:50,789 --> 00:21:49,760 some of you have seen maybe with the 624 00:21:52,310 --> 00:21:50,799 nurse or something when you're going to 625 00:21:54,149 --> 00:21:52,320 get a shot there's bubbles in the end 626 00:21:55,590 --> 00:21:54,159 and they're they're using gravity and 627 00:21:57,830 --> 00:21:55,600 flicking them to try to get the bubbles 628 00:21:59,750 --> 00:21:57,840 away from the end and someday we'll 629 00:22:02,230 --> 00:21:59,760 understand how to do that by building 630 00:22:03,669 --> 00:22:02,240 the mechanism perfectly and not have to 631 00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:03,679 worry about flicking it or getting a 632 00:22:07,750 --> 00:22:05,440 bubble into you 633 00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:07,760 one weekend i did some stuff for some 634 00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:09,520 kids that had 635 00:22:12,789 --> 00:22:11,600 legos involved and this is a lego device 636 00:22:14,549 --> 00:22:12,799 here built 637 00:22:16,310 --> 00:22:14,559 built just to demonstrate some things 638 00:22:18,149 --> 00:22:16,320 that kids were interested in 639 00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:18,159 investigating so we do a lot of projects 640 00:22:22,630 --> 00:22:20,480 for kids too the kids actually can come 641 00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:22,640 up with some fantastic ideas for space 642 00:22:26,470 --> 00:22:24,240 exploration and we'll do some 643 00:22:28,390 --> 00:22:26,480 demonstrations for them and show show 644 00:22:30,549 --> 00:22:28,400 how things work because it's really hard 645 00:22:32,789 --> 00:22:30,559 to get there and we're happy to be the 646 00:22:33,909 --> 00:22:32,799 hands in orbit for any kinds of ideas 647 00:22:36,070 --> 00:22:33,919 that you might have so there are 648 00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:36,080 programs to do that this is actually 649 00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:38,080 just a blob of water i squeezed out of a 650 00:22:42,470 --> 00:22:39,679 water bag and i threw some orange tic 651 00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:42,480 tacs into and it just made a nice orange 652 00:22:46,870 --> 00:22:44,240 color there and i'm just spinning around 653 00:22:48,950 --> 00:22:46,880 playing using a piece of dental floss to 654 00:22:51,590 --> 00:22:48,960 make that water spin around so a lot of 655 00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:51,600 fun hey derek 656 00:22:56,630 --> 00:22:54,000 this is our dragon spacecraft came up to 657 00:22:58,310 --> 00:22:56,640 see us and uh this is the birthing 658 00:22:59,990 --> 00:22:58,320 process actually 659 00:23:02,710 --> 00:23:00,000 you can tell it's running fast a little 660 00:23:04,390 --> 00:23:02,720 orbit uh an orbit and a half here ground 661 00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:04,400 actually did this birthing for us after 662 00:23:07,830 --> 00:23:06,000 we captured it with the arm i'll talk 663 00:23:09,830 --> 00:23:07,840 about that more in just a second and put 664 00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:09,840 it on the spacecraft that freed us up so 665 00:23:13,510 --> 00:23:11,679 that we could actually do some work 666 00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:13,520 inside while the ground controllers did 667 00:23:18,149 --> 00:23:15,360 that birthing so it's a it's a 668 00:23:20,070 --> 00:23:18,159 development again over the last six or 669 00:23:22,310 --> 00:23:20,080 seven years they've perfected that and 670 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:22,320 now uh it's just an advancement in space 671 00:23:26,070 --> 00:23:24,400 exploration that uh that frees up the 672 00:23:28,230 --> 00:23:26,080 crew 673 00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:28,240 this is uh time to say goodbye and this 674 00:23:31,990 --> 00:23:29,840 this movie is just about to come to an 675 00:23:33,750 --> 00:23:32,000 end here this is what it looks like on 676 00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:33,760 our screen as we're undocking and flying 677 00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:35,520 away and then this is what a landing 678 00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:41,269 and it's on it's on the plane in 679 00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:42,640 kazakhstan there's not supposed to be 680 00:23:47,269 --> 00:23:45,600 any trees or big rocks around or any 681 00:23:48,310 --> 00:23:47,279 lakes or anything like that and we land 682 00:23:50,149 --> 00:23:48,320 out there 683 00:23:51,669 --> 00:23:50,159 that wasn't my landing you saw this is 684 00:23:53,430 --> 00:23:51,679 my landing we went into a bunch of 685 00:23:55,269 --> 00:23:53,440 clouds and we were never seen again 686 00:23:57,510 --> 00:23:55,279 until they finally stumbled onto us out 687 00:23:59,430 --> 00:23:57,520 there it was really foggy and snowy on 688 00:24:01,190 --> 00:23:59,440 the ground and it took them a while to 689 00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:01,200 get to us so uh they don't have any 690 00:24:04,390 --> 00:24:02,640 great video of us hitting the ground 691 00:24:06,549 --> 00:24:04,400 unfortunately but i'm i'm here to 692 00:24:07,909 --> 00:24:06,559 testify that we did hit the ground i 693 00:24:10,310 --> 00:24:07,919 remember it well 694 00:24:12,149 --> 00:24:10,320 uh crawling out then with a little help 695 00:24:14,470 --> 00:24:12,159 from the crew after being in zero 696 00:24:16,630 --> 00:24:14,480 gravity it's very difficult to really 697 00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:16,640 pull yourself out of that capsule you 698 00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:18,480 you just even though you're strong you 699 00:24:22,789 --> 00:24:20,720 still feel like you weigh a ton and it's 700 00:24:24,950 --> 00:24:22,799 really really hard to get to get moving 701 00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:24,960 they carry you away it's all it's all 702 00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:27,520 really fun and pleasant to be honest 703 00:24:31,909 --> 00:24:29,840 i took a little bit of 704 00:24:34,470 --> 00:24:31,919 of a drug just to help me out no side 705 00:24:36,549 --> 00:24:34,480 effects just made me happy and they were 706 00:24:38,789 --> 00:24:36,559 able to uh to get me to the helicopter 707 00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:38,799 and get me back to the nasa plane so 708 00:24:44,310 --> 00:24:41,840 nasa could fly me home again so a lot of 709 00:24:46,070 --> 00:24:44,320 russians there we are very familiar and 710 00:24:48,470 --> 00:24:46,080 friendly with these people by the time 711 00:24:50,710 --> 00:24:48,480 we end up coming back to earth and uh 712 00:24:52,549 --> 00:24:50,720 they also take a helicopter pick up our 713 00:24:54,230 --> 00:24:52,559 spacecraft that's all that's left of 714 00:24:56,149 --> 00:24:54,240 that whole rocket that we launched at 715 00:24:58,870 --> 00:24:56,159 the beginning just that little capsule 716 00:25:01,029 --> 00:24:58,880 that little gumdrop at the at the uh 717 00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:01,039 at the end there and this is uh getting 718 00:25:07,430 --> 00:25:04,480 off the plane back in houston after um 719 00:25:09,669 --> 00:25:07,440 being really gone from houston for about 720 00:25:11,590 --> 00:25:09,679 uh almost like uh six and a half or 721 00:25:13,269 --> 00:25:11,600 seven months total because the flight 722 00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:13,279 the flight itself was about five and 723 00:25:16,789 --> 00:25:14,640 there's a lot of training at the at the 724 00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:16,799 beginning in other locations so 725 00:25:20,149 --> 00:25:19,120 that's uh that's some video coverage of 726 00:25:21,669 --> 00:25:20,159 the flight 727 00:25:23,590 --> 00:25:21,679 i got a few more slides i want to talk 728 00:25:25,830 --> 00:25:23,600 to you about a couple more things uh 729 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:25,840 that are so the science on board that 730 00:25:29,029 --> 00:25:28,000 isn't in the video and one of them is i 731 00:25:30,230 --> 00:25:29,039 understand they have the original 732 00:25:32,149 --> 00:25:30,240 robonaut here in the air and space 733 00:25:34,870 --> 00:25:32,159 museum so i hope you get a chance to to 734 00:25:37,190 --> 00:25:34,880 see that uh robonaut was delivered up by 735 00:25:39,909 --> 00:25:37,200 a space shuttle and we got this guy out 736 00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:39,919 of his uh out of his uh bunk if you will 737 00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:41,279 pulled him out set him up and he 738 00:25:45,590 --> 00:25:43,200 operated maybe six or seven times during 739 00:25:47,430 --> 00:25:45,600 my expedition up there and he can he's 740 00:25:50,070 --> 00:25:47,440 learning to work switches and grab 741 00:25:51,990 --> 00:25:50,080 handles he can pick up a 70-pound bar 742 00:25:53,830 --> 00:25:52,000 and hold it up over his head for an hour 743 00:25:55,510 --> 00:25:53,840 and i can't do that i don't think most 744 00:25:57,430 --> 00:25:55,520 of you could either but that's what you 745 00:25:58,870 --> 00:25:57,440 can do with somebody that's robotic and 746 00:26:00,950 --> 00:25:58,880 the reason it's nice that they're in 747 00:26:02,870 --> 00:26:00,960 human form is because so many of the 748 00:26:05,590 --> 00:26:02,880 things we interface are made to be 749 00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:05,600 interfaced with um with our hands and 750 00:26:08,549 --> 00:26:07,200 with our eyes above our hands and all 751 00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:08,559 that so 752 00:26:13,029 --> 00:26:11,120 this last crew actually wore a device a 753 00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:13,039 helmet so that they could see what 754 00:26:18,230 --> 00:26:15,440 robonaut is seeing through his visor and 755 00:26:19,750 --> 00:26:18,240 also um they could move his hands so 756 00:26:21,350 --> 00:26:19,760 it's when you're wearing it it's just 757 00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:21,360 like you can look out and see robonaut's 758 00:26:23,669 --> 00:26:22,559 hands in front of you and you can move 759 00:26:25,830 --> 00:26:23,679 your hand like this and reach out and 760 00:26:27,350 --> 00:26:25,840 grab something in fact you can reach out 761 00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:27,360 toward yourself if you want to it's 762 00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:29,440 really kind of a strange strange thing 763 00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:31,360 but it's really fun to do and next 764 00:26:35,430 --> 00:26:33,440 slides if you show i've got one here 765 00:26:37,269 --> 00:26:35,440 there's there's me just setting robonaut 766 00:26:39,830 --> 00:26:37,279 up in the visor and if you would the 767 00:26:41,430 --> 00:26:39,840 next two in a row will show robonaut 768 00:26:43,110 --> 00:26:41,440 flipping that switch and turning it off 769 00:26:45,590 --> 00:26:43,120 if you saw that he can just reach out 770 00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:45,600 there with his binocular vision and turn 771 00:26:49,590 --> 00:26:47,840 that off so it's going to be a fantastic 772 00:26:50,950 --> 00:26:49,600 capability for getting 773 00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:50,960 lots of different kinds of chores done 774 00:26:55,029 --> 00:26:52,880 on board someday and even maybe outside 775 00:26:56,870 --> 00:26:55,039 the space station so a great a great 776 00:26:59,830 --> 00:26:56,880 development and a great 777 00:27:03,669 --> 00:26:59,840 kind of if you technology test bed for 778 00:27:06,789 --> 00:27:04,950 in just a second i'm going to run this 779 00:27:09,110 --> 00:27:06,799 this is a little video as well the 780 00:27:11,350 --> 00:27:09,120 sphere in the middle is fuel that's been 781 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:11,360 introduced by those two little needles 782 00:27:15,029 --> 00:27:13,360 that come in from the top and the bottom 783 00:27:15,990 --> 00:27:15,039 so they inject some fuel in there that 784 00:27:17,750 --> 00:27:16,000 can burn 785 00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:17,760 and then the two little loops in the top 786 00:27:21,350 --> 00:27:19,760 left and bottom right are actually 787 00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:21,360 igniters they don't have to touch the 788 00:27:25,750 --> 00:27:23,440 fuel to ignite it they just glow red hot 789 00:27:27,750 --> 00:27:25,760 and it'll light this ball of fuel this 790 00:27:30,070 --> 00:27:27,760 is all done inside the space station and 791 00:27:31,669 --> 00:27:30,080 a shelf on a rack that we can't see at 792 00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:31,679 the time but we do get in there and 793 00:27:34,950 --> 00:27:33,440 change these needles and work with these 794 00:27:36,789 --> 00:27:34,960 igniters i changed the igniters out 795 00:27:39,750 --> 00:27:36,799 while i was there and 796 00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:39,760 that and we just maintain it as well so 797 00:27:43,830 --> 00:27:41,600 what happens here in this video is as 798 00:27:45,190 --> 00:27:43,840 soon as it start the lights go out so 799 00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:45,200 you can see the fuel burning better 800 00:27:48,950 --> 00:27:46,799 you'll see the igniters ignite the ball 801 00:27:51,750 --> 00:27:48,960 the needles pull away and then the ball 802 00:27:54,389 --> 00:27:51,760 burns in free space and so burning in 803 00:27:56,549 --> 00:27:54,399 zero g is very different than burning in 804 00:27:58,070 --> 00:27:56,559 in one g if you light a candle on earth 805 00:27:59,510 --> 00:27:58,080 you can see it burning and the air comes 806 00:28:01,510 --> 00:27:59,520 in from the bottom because of gravity 807 00:28:03,269 --> 00:28:01,520 and convection but that can't happen in 808 00:28:06,310 --> 00:28:03,279 space so it's very interesting for the 809 00:28:09,269 --> 00:28:06,320 scientists next slide 810 00:28:11,750 --> 00:28:09,279 this is a a column of water that looks 811 00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:11,760 like a jar of glass but it's just really 812 00:28:15,669 --> 00:28:13,520 it's water between two plates with some 813 00:28:17,590 --> 00:28:15,679 particles inside and scientists are 814 00:28:19,350 --> 00:28:17,600 studying a phenomenon called marangoni 815 00:28:21,110 --> 00:28:19,360 flow if you'll go ahead and 816 00:28:22,389 --> 00:28:21,120 start the little video there you can 817 00:28:24,470 --> 00:28:22,399 tell it's water because of the way it's 818 00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:24,480 oscillating this is real time again if 819 00:28:26,789 --> 00:28:25,760 you were to go up and walk up to that 820 00:28:28,149 --> 00:28:26,799 and push it with your hand you would 821 00:28:29,590 --> 00:28:28,159 just be able to knock that water right 822 00:28:32,789 --> 00:28:29,600 away or if you shook it enough that 823 00:28:34,470 --> 00:28:32,799 water would fly away but uh we we are 824 00:28:36,070 --> 00:28:34,480 very careful not to disturb it on board 825 00:28:37,830 --> 00:28:36,080 it can only work this thing can only 826 00:28:39,590 --> 00:28:37,840 work in zero gravity you could never do 827 00:28:41,669 --> 00:28:39,600 this on the earth and they can study 828 00:28:43,269 --> 00:28:41,679 them the flow of these particles inside 829 00:28:45,510 --> 00:28:43,279 if they heat and cool the plates on both 830 00:28:48,710 --> 00:28:45,520 ends so marin going marangoni flow it's 831 00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:48,720 called in the experiment too next slide 832 00:28:52,789 --> 00:28:50,559 and we're just about to questions so 833 00:28:54,549 --> 00:28:52,799 those of you have the questions go ahead 834 00:28:56,230 --> 00:28:54,559 and be thinking about them and be ready 835 00:28:57,990 --> 00:28:56,240 to ask me and we'll keep the show going 836 00:28:59,510 --> 00:28:58,000 this way 837 00:29:01,830 --> 00:28:59,520 one new phenomenon that we're seeing a 838 00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:01,840 lot more in space is called noctilucent 839 00:29:06,470 --> 00:29:04,720 clouds and they they seem to be 840 00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:06,480 more prominent than they used to be and 841 00:29:09,669 --> 00:29:07,840 if you go through these slides that's 842 00:29:11,669 --> 00:29:09,679 the typical atmosphere there if you go 843 00:29:13,430 --> 00:29:11,679 through to the next slide you'll see up 844 00:29:15,669 --> 00:29:13,440 high some clouds start to appear as we 845 00:29:17,510 --> 00:29:15,679 fly around the earth these clouds are 846 00:29:20,789 --> 00:29:17,520 about 80 kilometers high so like 50 847 00:29:22,710 --> 00:29:20,799 miles well up out of the air so way out 848 00:29:23,990 --> 00:29:22,720 in the atmosphere and it's it's still 849 00:29:25,510 --> 00:29:24,000 very interesting 850 00:29:28,310 --> 00:29:25,520 to earth scientists and stuff what 851 00:29:30,789 --> 00:29:28,320 causes them and uh and what their impact 852 00:29:32,230 --> 00:29:30,799 might be on on earth so very interesting 853 00:29:33,830 --> 00:29:32,240 next slide please 854 00:29:35,750 --> 00:29:33,840 you can see how how thick they can 855 00:29:37,430 --> 00:29:35,760 become and that's that's 856 00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:37,440 just below the altitude where we 857 00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:39,279 normally fly the shuttle in the first 858 00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:41,840 couple of orbits so it's uh it's really 859 00:29:46,149 --> 00:29:44,080 pretty pretty uh high altitude for 860 00:29:48,389 --> 00:29:46,159 clouds next slide 861 00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:48,399 and next slide 862 00:29:51,669 --> 00:29:49,840 one of the things we did while we were 863 00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:51,679 up there this uh a new thing on space 864 00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:54,720 station is delivery of cargo and perhaps 865 00:29:59,750 --> 00:29:57,360 crew in uh three four five years by 866 00:30:01,029 --> 00:29:59,760 commercial companies this uh spacecraft 867 00:30:02,630 --> 00:30:01,039 right here was built by spacex 868 00:30:04,710 --> 00:30:02,640 corporation out in hawthorne california 869 00:30:06,870 --> 00:30:04,720 and it's called the dragon and in early 870 00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:06,880 march one of these was launched by the 871 00:30:12,149 --> 00:30:09,760 company and flew up to us flew up 872 00:30:13,830 --> 00:30:12,159 underneath the space station in a at a 873 00:30:16,549 --> 00:30:13,840 place close enough so that we could take 874 00:30:18,310 --> 00:30:16,559 our robotic arm and reach out and put 875 00:30:20,070 --> 00:30:18,320 the the end effector what we call the 876 00:30:23,029 --> 00:30:20,080 end effector it's the hand if you will 877 00:30:24,870 --> 00:30:23,039 above it and grab it and put it pull it 878 00:30:27,029 --> 00:30:24,880 in and birth it to our space station and 879 00:30:28,549 --> 00:30:27,039 get all the cargo out of it so a very 880 00:30:30,789 --> 00:30:28,559 exciting thing to see it's a beautiful 881 00:30:33,669 --> 00:30:30,799 thing in space to see another spacecraft 882 00:30:35,590 --> 00:30:33,679 come up and approach you and uh and and 883 00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:35,600 just watch the whole dance and watch all 884 00:30:39,430 --> 00:30:37,520 the spacecraft and of course see the 885 00:30:41,110 --> 00:30:39,440 earth below you next slide so that's 886 00:30:43,110 --> 00:30:41,120 what it looks like flying up this is 887 00:30:45,909 --> 00:30:43,120 what it looks like after after the 888 00:30:47,750 --> 00:30:45,919 grapple out my window and we just again 889 00:30:50,470 --> 00:30:47,760 we were able with hand controllers to 890 00:30:53,110 --> 00:30:50,480 fly that big long arm out there and grab 891 00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:53,120 a hold of it next slide 892 00:30:56,549 --> 00:30:54,000 and 893 00:30:58,470 --> 00:30:56,559 that's after a happy job we have it 894 00:31:00,310 --> 00:30:58,480 grappled we can turn the arm off inside 895 00:31:01,990 --> 00:31:00,320 the space station and as i mentioned we 896 00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:02,000 handed it off to ground control we went 897 00:31:05,669 --> 00:31:03,840 and did other work on the space station 898 00:31:07,509 --> 00:31:05,679 while they birthed it some place where 899 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:07,519 we could open hatches and get the the 900 00:31:12,070 --> 00:31:10,320 car go out next one please 901 00:31:13,430 --> 00:31:12,080 one little story here and a couple 902 00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:13,440 minutes over 903 00:31:17,830 --> 00:31:16,080 this is uh one one day in space just a 904 00:31:19,029 --> 00:31:17,840 human human factor story when you're 905 00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:19,039 living up there all kinds of strange 906 00:31:23,029 --> 00:31:20,880 things happen this is a bottle a bottle 907 00:31:25,269 --> 00:31:23,039 of shampoo that's just about empty and 908 00:31:26,549 --> 00:31:25,279 you can see that the the shampoo is not 909 00:31:27,909 --> 00:31:26,559 just in the bottom of the bottle but 910 00:31:30,710 --> 00:31:27,919 it's on the sides of the bottle and in 911 00:31:32,470 --> 00:31:30,720 the top of the bottle and i hadn't used 912 00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:32,480 this russian shampoo before 913 00:31:35,509 --> 00:31:34,480 on on orbit so i i went over and i 914 00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:35,519 thought well you know what i'll do is 915 00:31:37,750 --> 00:31:36,320 i'll just 916 00:31:39,190 --> 00:31:37,760 i've been using the american shampoo 917 00:31:40,870 --> 00:31:39,200 maybe i'd like a little change i'll pop 918 00:31:42,389 --> 00:31:40,880 this bottle open and i'll i'll see what 919 00:31:43,669 --> 00:31:42,399 this smells like see if i want to use it 920 00:31:45,750 --> 00:31:43,679 and i put it under my nose popped the 921 00:31:47,590 --> 00:31:45,760 cap and gave a little squeeze and 922 00:31:49,909 --> 00:31:47,600 underneath that cap was hiding a nice 923 00:31:51,190 --> 00:31:49,919 big glob of shampoo and zero gravity it 924 00:31:53,350 --> 00:31:51,200 wasn't all in the bottom like it would 925 00:31:54,310 --> 00:31:53,360 be on earth and i learned a lesson there 926 00:31:55,830 --> 00:31:54,320 about 927 00:31:57,509 --> 00:31:55,840 making sure you shake that shampoo out 928 00:31:58,789 --> 00:31:57,519 of the cap before you before you squeeze 929 00:32:00,149 --> 00:31:58,799 it in your nose 930 00:32:03,830 --> 00:32:00,159 good recommendation for when you go to 931 00:32:07,350 --> 00:32:05,909 also one of the things that was really 932 00:32:09,430 --> 00:32:07,360 really touched me while i was up there 933 00:32:11,190 --> 00:32:09,440 was a chance to talk to children 934 00:32:14,630 --> 00:32:11,200 we used the ham radio and some other 935 00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:14,640 means too to do outreach to school kids 936 00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:16,480 and to adults and and all kinds of 937 00:32:21,830 --> 00:32:19,120 venues really but uh these this is a 938 00:32:23,509 --> 00:32:21,840 chance for um kids of all ages to get to 939 00:32:25,350 --> 00:32:23,519 talk directly to us on the space station 940 00:32:27,269 --> 00:32:25,360 and we use the ham radio to do that and 941 00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:27,279 and here's here's one day when i was 942 00:32:31,350 --> 00:32:29,120 really enjoying doing that from columbus 943 00:32:33,110 --> 00:32:31,360 next slide 944 00:32:35,590 --> 00:32:33,120 some photography too i thought i'd bring 945 00:32:37,990 --> 00:32:35,600 a little picture along of washington you 946 00:32:39,509 --> 00:32:38,000 guys probably recommend uh or recognize 947 00:32:42,149 --> 00:32:39,519 that if you've been walking the mall 948 00:32:44,389 --> 00:32:42,159 around here lately so that was taken on 949 00:32:45,590 --> 00:32:44,399 the sunday uh before inauguration day 950 00:32:47,269 --> 00:32:45,600 and next 951 00:32:49,350 --> 00:32:47,279 and since it's so hard to tell cities 952 00:32:51,190 --> 00:32:49,360 apart from 250 miles away i was just 953 00:32:53,190 --> 00:32:51,200 snapping whatever cities i could find 954 00:32:54,230 --> 00:32:53,200 and i also happened to get baltimore so 955 00:32:55,830 --> 00:32:54,240 for those of you who are from the 956 00:32:57,590 --> 00:32:55,840 baltimore area you're going to recognize 957 00:32:58,950 --> 00:32:57,600 that one too and that wasn't too long 958 00:33:01,029 --> 00:32:58,960 before the super bowl i think about a 959 00:33:02,950 --> 00:33:01,039 week before so 960 00:33:06,230 --> 00:33:02,960 a lot of a lot of fun to shoot shoot 961 00:33:08,950 --> 00:33:07,909 once in a while ground will call us and 962 00:33:11,909 --> 00:33:08,960 say hey you're going to have an 963 00:33:13,029 --> 00:33:11,919 excellent pass over a volcano perhaps 964 00:33:15,669 --> 00:33:13,039 over 965 00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:15,679 so maybe maybe some icebergs have broken 966 00:33:19,430 --> 00:33:17,760 off or maybe you have a storm and this 967 00:33:21,430 --> 00:33:19,440 was typhoon bofa 968 00:33:23,110 --> 00:33:21,440 back in november and a great pass by 969 00:33:24,789 --> 00:33:23,120 typhoon bofa boy when you look out the 970 00:33:26,789 --> 00:33:24,799 window and you get there with the camera 971 00:33:28,310 --> 00:33:26,799 there's no question about what's a 972 00:33:29,990 --> 00:33:28,320 typhoon and what's just a bunch of 973 00:33:31,750 --> 00:33:30,000 clouds and i looked at that and i 974 00:33:33,909 --> 00:33:31,760 thought there's no way i'd ever stay you 975 00:33:35,350 --> 00:33:33,919 know stay someplace where a typhoon or a 976 00:33:37,350 --> 00:33:35,360 hurricane is heading my way if i could 977 00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:37,360 help it because it just really looks 978 00:33:43,750 --> 00:33:40,480 powerful and awesome uh from the space 979 00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:43,760 perspective next slide 980 00:33:48,310 --> 00:33:45,760 when you come home you do come home and 981 00:33:50,789 --> 00:33:48,320 the spacecraft most of it burns up you 982 00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:50,799 burn but you don't burn up let's let's 983 00:33:54,470 --> 00:33:52,640 put it that way so there is a lot of 984 00:33:56,149 --> 00:33:54,480 heat associated with entry and as you 985 00:33:58,070 --> 00:33:56,159 look out the window 986 00:33:59,590 --> 00:33:58,080 it's un it's uncanny because you're just 987 00:34:01,990 --> 00:33:59,600 looking at a lot of fire out there and a 988 00:34:04,070 --> 00:34:02,000 lot of stuff around you but this uh the 989 00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:04,080 engineering that has taken us to a place 990 00:34:08,950 --> 00:34:05,600 where we know how to safely get home in 991 00:34:10,950 --> 00:34:08,960 our spacecraft and the very bottom uh 992 00:34:12,950 --> 00:34:10,960 color the very bottom flame on that 993 00:34:14,470 --> 00:34:12,960 picture is uh the crew that was the crew 994 00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:14,480 of actually the before me and i took 995 00:34:17,430 --> 00:34:15,919 this photo as they were coming home and 996 00:34:19,270 --> 00:34:17,440 they're surviving inside that little 997 00:34:21,909 --> 00:34:19,280 fireball the rest of their spacecraft 998 00:34:23,190 --> 00:34:21,919 breaking into pieces and uh and will 999 00:34:25,190 --> 00:34:23,200 will burn up before getting to the 1000 00:34:27,750 --> 00:34:25,200 surface next slide 1001 00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:27,760 and uh back on the planet earth and 1002 00:34:32,550 --> 00:34:30,960 that's why i'm back here safely and 1003 00:34:34,629 --> 00:34:32,560 eight weeks ago that's what i was doing 1004 00:34:37,270 --> 00:34:34,639 but now i'm here to answer questions 1005 00:34:40,069 --> 00:34:37,280 i love the flight i love telling about 1006 00:34:42,470 --> 00:34:40,079 the flight obviously space flight is my 1007 00:34:44,470 --> 00:34:42,480 life and i'm just as passionate about it 1008 00:34:46,230 --> 00:34:44,480 now as i was before i got into the 1009 00:34:48,710 --> 00:34:46,240 business and 1010 00:34:50,869 --> 00:34:48,720 i'd like to educate as many people as i 1011 00:34:53,829 --> 00:34:50,879 can about all the aspects of what we're 1012 00:34:56,069 --> 00:34:53,839 doing out there and uh and bring you 1013 00:34:58,470 --> 00:34:56,079 bring you all on board i think space is 1014 00:35:00,390 --> 00:34:58,480 definitely in our future it's it's here 1015 00:35:02,630 --> 00:35:00,400 to stay and you're going to see a lot of 1016 00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:02,640 cool things happen in the next decade 1017 00:35:06,230 --> 00:35:04,320 so for anybody who's got questions i 1018 00:35:07,510 --> 00:35:06,240 think that's my cue to start taking a 1019 00:35:09,829 --> 00:35:07,520 few 1020 00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:09,839 and we got a mic over here 1021 00:35:17,990 --> 00:35:13,750 it's not as much fun when you have to 1022 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:23,109 any questions 1023 00:35:26,069 --> 00:35:23,990 yep 1024 00:35:28,150 --> 00:35:26,079 so what are the common pathways to 1025 00:35:30,630 --> 00:35:28,160 actually become an astronaut 1026 00:35:32,470 --> 00:35:30,640 great question uh we have astronauts who 1027 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:32,480 are medical doctors 1028 00:35:38,230 --> 00:35:36,000 engineers scientists uh pilots is pretty 1029 00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:38,240 common in my class we had a submarine 1030 00:35:43,670 --> 00:35:40,560 officer an oceanographer 1031 00:35:46,630 --> 00:35:43,680 um just all kinds of a geophysicist in 1032 00:35:49,990 --> 00:35:46,640 my my astronaut class 1033 00:35:52,470 --> 00:35:50,000 really any kind of science is 1034 00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:52,480 is qualifying to be an astronaut you 1035 00:35:55,910 --> 00:35:53,760 have to have at least a bachelor's 1036 00:35:57,190 --> 00:35:55,920 degree to apply of course more advanced 1037 00:36:00,150 --> 00:35:57,200 degrees and the more you know about 1038 00:36:02,230 --> 00:36:00,160 different subjects is really great they 1039 00:36:03,430 --> 00:36:02,240 really like to see of course you know 1040 00:36:05,910 --> 00:36:03,440 you're not always doing science when 1041 00:36:08,390 --> 00:36:05,920 you're strapping into a tiny spacecraft 1042 00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:08,400 and and you know zipping up your your 1043 00:36:11,829 --> 00:36:09,760 spacesuit and that sort of thing a lot 1044 00:36:13,030 --> 00:36:11,839 of it's really operationally intensive 1045 00:36:14,470 --> 00:36:13,040 and they you know they like to think 1046 00:36:16,069 --> 00:36:14,480 that you're going to love the operations 1047 00:36:19,190 --> 00:36:16,079 too because of course that's a that's a 1048 00:36:21,270 --> 00:36:19,200 big part of the job so qualifications of 1049 00:36:22,550 --> 00:36:21,280 a really great science background plus 1050 00:36:24,230 --> 00:36:22,560 some really broad operational 1051 00:36:25,349 --> 00:36:24,240 experiences what they're looking for the 1052 00:36:27,349 --> 00:36:25,359 most 1053 00:36:29,430 --> 00:36:27,359 and what kind of uh battery of like 1054 00:36:30,710 --> 00:36:29,440 mental testing and group testing you go 1055 00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:30,720 through 1056 00:36:36,069 --> 00:36:32,800 it's not too extensive you take as you 1057 00:36:38,870 --> 00:36:36,079 apply you take some some tests uh 1058 00:36:41,270 --> 00:36:38,880 just just just kind of things maybe 1059 00:36:42,069 --> 00:36:41,280 maybe like an sat or something like that 1060 00:36:43,829 --> 00:36:42,079 but 1061 00:36:45,349 --> 00:36:43,839 for the most part let me just tell you 1062 00:36:47,750 --> 00:36:45,359 you know the astronauts are are 1063 00:36:49,910 --> 00:36:47,760 accomplished people but not necessarily 1064 00:36:51,750 --> 00:36:49,920 uh they're not getting 800s on the sats 1065 00:36:53,510 --> 00:36:51,760 necessarily it's just they're just 1066 00:36:55,270 --> 00:36:53,520 looking for some some good general 1067 00:36:56,790 --> 00:36:55,280 knowledge and the ability to learn i 1068 00:36:58,550 --> 00:36:56,800 would say is is the big thing that 1069 00:37:05,670 --> 00:36:58,560 they're looking for thank you yeah thank 1070 00:37:13,829 --> 00:37:09,430 my name is julianne and i'm from 1071 00:37:14,710 --> 00:37:13,839 and i'm from maryland maryland 1072 00:37:16,790 --> 00:37:14,720 um 1073 00:37:19,109 --> 00:37:16,800 what does it feel like to be in zero 1074 00:37:21,109 --> 00:37:19,119 gravity what does it feel like to be in 1075 00:37:23,109 --> 00:37:21,119 zero gravity that's a that's a fantastic 1076 00:37:25,430 --> 00:37:23,119 question and about the the best thing i 1077 00:37:26,630 --> 00:37:25,440 can tell you is imagine when you go 1078 00:37:29,109 --> 00:37:26,640 swimming 1079 00:37:30,950 --> 00:37:29,119 if you could float anywhere you wanted 1080 00:37:33,030 --> 00:37:30,960 close your eyes not have to worry about 1081 00:37:35,190 --> 00:37:33,040 breathing in water and you could just 1082 00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:35,200 breathe the air and you were in kind of 1083 00:37:39,430 --> 00:37:37,040 warm water so you didn't really feel 1084 00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:39,440 cold or anything then that's that's what 1085 00:37:43,190 --> 00:37:41,760 it feels like nothing touching you and 1086 00:37:44,950 --> 00:37:43,200 just floating very light touch 1087 00:37:46,470 --> 00:37:44,960 everywhere so it's really really a 1088 00:37:48,950 --> 00:37:46,480 unique experience 1089 00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:48,960 what uh what makes it extra fun is that 1090 00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:51,040 you can just turn upside down though or 1091 00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:52,960 turn sideways anytime you want to and 1092 00:37:56,630 --> 00:37:54,720 float in any orientation you don't have 1093 00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:56,640 to worry about the ceiling or the floor 1094 00:38:00,069 --> 00:37:58,560 and if you wanted to you could just fly 1095 00:38:02,150 --> 00:38:00,079 up to that corner of the room up there 1096 00:38:03,670 --> 00:38:02,160 just give a little push and fly but 1097 00:38:05,589 --> 00:38:03,680 don't go too fast because when you get 1098 00:38:08,390 --> 00:38:05,599 there you have to stop 1099 00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:08,400 how do you how do you how do you stop 1100 00:38:11,270 --> 00:38:09,920 how do you stop there better be 1101 00:38:12,790 --> 00:38:11,280 something to grab hold of and it 1102 00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:12,800 shouldn't be a light or something like 1103 00:38:15,589 --> 00:38:14,320 that because you might rip it off you 1104 00:38:16,710 --> 00:38:15,599 have to be really careful with the 1105 00:38:18,790 --> 00:38:16,720 equipment 1106 00:38:21,030 --> 00:38:18,800 and uh and make sure you have it kind of 1107 00:38:23,430 --> 00:38:21,040 under control we do practice flying 1108 00:38:25,030 --> 00:38:23,440 faster and faster and there are some 1109 00:38:26,390 --> 00:38:25,040 hand rails that you can always grab a 1110 00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:26,400 hold of so you always kind of shoot for 1111 00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:27,839 a handrail so that you know you can get 1112 00:38:43,430 --> 00:38:29,200 yourself stopped 1113 00:38:47,829 --> 00:38:46,069 my name is brianna i'm from nashville my 1114 00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:47,839 question is what majors do you have to 1115 00:38:53,190 --> 00:38:50,800 do to become an astronaut what majors 1116 00:38:54,310 --> 00:38:53,200 you can major it really just needs to be 1117 00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:54,320 something where you can get some 1118 00:38:59,030 --> 00:38:57,119 technical education but we have teachers 1119 00:39:00,790 --> 00:38:59,040 people who are education majors but have 1120 00:39:03,510 --> 00:39:00,800 a lot of also science 1121 00:39:07,349 --> 00:39:03,520 science in their education too 1122 00:39:08,630 --> 00:39:07,359 and medical doctors engineers scientists 1123 00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:08,640 physicists 1124 00:39:13,190 --> 00:39:10,800 chemists any of those kinds of things 1125 00:39:14,790 --> 00:39:13,200 they the the mathematics is is kind of 1126 00:39:16,950 --> 00:39:14,800 important so the more mathematics you 1127 00:39:18,710 --> 00:39:16,960 can learn the better off and the and the 1128 00:39:20,870 --> 00:39:18,720 technical disciplines you kind of really 1129 00:39:22,390 --> 00:39:20,880 need to to know those to understand a 1130 00:39:24,150 --> 00:39:22,400 lot of the science and a lot of the 1131 00:39:26,150 --> 00:39:24,160 operations we have to do 1132 00:39:27,750 --> 00:39:26,160 so those are those are the best majors 1133 00:39:29,430 --> 00:39:27,760 and if if you're interested for people 1134 00:39:30,710 --> 00:39:29,440 who are interested in knowing because it 1135 00:39:31,829 --> 00:39:30,720 looks like it's about time for you to 1136 00:39:34,069 --> 00:39:31,839 apply 1137 00:39:35,510 --> 00:39:34,079 you uh you can look on the nasa website 1138 00:39:37,910 --> 00:39:35,520 and they'll tell you what the qualifying 1139 00:39:39,430 --> 00:39:37,920 majors are so that's that's a great 1140 00:39:41,109 --> 00:39:39,440 question to know if you're interested in 1141 00:39:42,950 --> 00:39:41,119 the career field before you before you 1142 00:39:44,710 --> 00:39:42,960 head off and pick a major and what 1143 00:39:46,950 --> 00:39:44,720 college did you go to 1144 00:39:49,589 --> 00:39:46,960 i went to notre dame uh we have a lot of 1145 00:39:51,829 --> 00:39:49,599 people that went to really all schools 1146 00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:51,839 that that can offer technical educations 1147 00:39:56,390 --> 00:39:53,920 a lot of academy graduates too that are 1148 00:39:59,109 --> 00:39:56,400 astronauts and certainly all the 1149 00:40:01,589 --> 00:39:59,119 universities uh across the nation 1150 00:40:03,349 --> 00:40:01,599 are qualifying universities 1151 00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:03,359 yeah thank you 1152 00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:05,440 my name is jaron i'm from nashville and 1153 00:40:09,349 --> 00:40:08,000 how do y'all fall asleep on the 1154 00:40:12,150 --> 00:40:09,359 when you're in space how do you fall 1155 00:40:13,829 --> 00:40:12,160 asleep yeah oh that's a great question 1156 00:40:15,910 --> 00:40:13,839 because one of the worries astronauts 1157 00:40:17,430 --> 00:40:15,920 have before they go up there is am i 1158 00:40:20,550 --> 00:40:17,440 gonna be able to get any sleep and 1159 00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:20,560 what's it gonna feel like and uh i was 1160 00:40:24,870 --> 00:40:22,800 i'm very lucky because i did sleep very 1161 00:40:26,710 --> 00:40:24,880 well on space station some people have 1162 00:40:28,550 --> 00:40:26,720 to change body positions and that sort 1163 00:40:30,550 --> 00:40:28,560 of thing at night some people like a 1164 00:40:33,030 --> 00:40:30,560 little support that we have a small 1165 00:40:34,550 --> 00:40:33,040 cabin that's a it's maybe about the size 1166 00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:34,560 of a big refrigerator or something we 1167 00:40:38,390 --> 00:40:36,720 sleep in but it's well lit and padded 1168 00:40:40,230 --> 00:40:38,400 it's got really good ventilation and 1169 00:40:42,309 --> 00:40:40,240 lighting and some people will put their 1170 00:40:44,069 --> 00:40:42,319 feet on the wall with their back against 1171 00:40:45,589 --> 00:40:44,079 the other wall and that gives them a 1172 00:40:46,950 --> 00:40:45,599 little bit of a feeling of being on 1173 00:40:49,589 --> 00:40:46,960 earth so it helps them to sleep a little 1174 00:40:50,870 --> 00:40:49,599 bit better but we have sleeping bags and 1175 00:40:52,390 --> 00:40:50,880 you tie them to the wall so you don't 1176 00:40:54,069 --> 00:40:52,400 have to worry about floating away 1177 00:40:56,470 --> 00:40:54,079 and they're very nice you can just kind 1178 00:40:58,630 --> 00:40:56,480 of slow yourself into them zip yourself 1179 00:41:00,309 --> 00:40:58,640 up and then put your arms inside if 1180 00:41:02,550 --> 00:41:00,319 you'd like to and if you can sleep 1181 00:41:04,390 --> 00:41:02,560 floating then you can just easily fall 1182 00:41:06,150 --> 00:41:04,400 asleep it's not too hard i would like 1183 00:41:08,309 --> 00:41:06,160 put my feet up on a little hand rail 1184 00:41:09,910 --> 00:41:08,319 that i had put it mounted on the floor 1185 00:41:11,829 --> 00:41:09,920 that was just a little rail across the 1186 00:41:13,990 --> 00:41:11,839 floor and bend myself a little bit put 1187 00:41:15,430 --> 00:41:14,000 my arms inside and no problem falling 1188 00:41:18,309 --> 00:41:15,440 asleep 1189 00:41:20,470 --> 00:41:18,319 that's a great question thank you 1190 00:41:22,150 --> 00:41:20,480 hi my name is lemay and i'm from 1191 00:41:25,430 --> 00:41:22,160 nashville tennessee 1192 00:41:27,670 --> 00:41:25,440 uh how do you like work out at the space 1193 00:41:29,190 --> 00:41:27,680 station that i'm thank you for asking 1194 00:41:31,270 --> 00:41:29,200 that question work out like as an 1195 00:41:34,069 --> 00:41:31,280 exercise right how do we work out we 1196 00:41:36,150 --> 00:41:34,079 have three excellent exercise machines 1197 00:41:37,750 --> 00:41:36,160 on the space station now 1198 00:41:39,910 --> 00:41:37,760 one of them has been there for a long 1199 00:41:41,990 --> 00:41:39,920 time as an exercise bicycle 1200 00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:42,000 that the ground the ground team can 1201 00:41:46,470 --> 00:41:43,760 program with various loads and you can 1202 00:41:48,470 --> 00:41:46,480 get on it you just wear shoes with clips 1203 00:41:51,109 --> 00:41:48,480 on them you put your feet on the pedals 1204 00:41:53,109 --> 00:41:51,119 and you just can pedal for 45 minutes of 1205 00:41:55,030 --> 00:41:53,119 various loads and really work up a nice 1206 00:41:56,309 --> 00:41:55,040 sweat and you can always see your heart 1207 00:41:59,109 --> 00:41:56,319 rate so you know you're getting a good 1208 00:42:00,870 --> 00:41:59,119 aerobic workout we also have a 1209 00:42:03,030 --> 00:42:00,880 treadmill that we can run on the 1210 00:42:06,309 --> 00:42:03,040 treadmill itself is 1211 00:42:09,030 --> 00:42:06,319 requires special bungee cords and a 1212 00:42:11,349 --> 00:42:09,040 special harness on the space station to 1213 00:42:13,030 --> 00:42:11,359 hold you down against it so otherwise 1214 00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:13,040 when you took a step and ran it would 1215 00:42:16,309 --> 00:42:14,400 just push you away from it you wouldn't 1216 00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:16,319 be able to keep your feet on the track 1217 00:42:21,430 --> 00:42:18,400 so you wear this special harness 1218 00:42:23,750 --> 00:42:21,440 developed by nasa and you can adjust it 1219 00:42:26,470 --> 00:42:23,760 to different different weights and then 1220 00:42:28,870 --> 00:42:26,480 you can run for hours on end with that 1221 00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:28,880 with that bungee system on you 1222 00:42:32,230 --> 00:42:30,400 and then we have one more thing that's 1223 00:42:33,910 --> 00:42:32,240 kind of an aerobic exercise as well but 1224 00:42:36,309 --> 00:42:33,920 i really like that one the other thing 1225 00:42:38,550 --> 00:42:36,319 we have for anaerobic exercise to make 1226 00:42:39,750 --> 00:42:38,560 sure our bones and muscles stay strong 1227 00:42:41,589 --> 00:42:39,760 is called 1228 00:42:44,790 --> 00:42:41,599 the a-red it's a resistive advanced 1229 00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:44,800 resistive exercise device and we can't 1230 00:42:49,270 --> 00:42:46,480 lift weights up there because everything 1231 00:42:50,710 --> 00:42:49,280 is weightless as you know but we can 1232 00:42:53,030 --> 00:42:50,720 with this machine 1233 00:42:54,790 --> 00:42:53,040 dial in a certain kind of 1234 00:42:56,710 --> 00:42:54,800 resistance in the bar and there's a 1235 00:42:58,950 --> 00:42:56,720 platform we stand on and we can pick up 1236 00:43:00,550 --> 00:42:58,960 this bar we can lay on a bench and push 1237 00:43:02,710 --> 00:43:00,560 this bar up like we're doing a bench 1238 00:43:04,390 --> 00:43:02,720 press and shoulder presses over our 1239 00:43:06,309 --> 00:43:04,400 heads and we can really work our legs 1240 00:43:08,710 --> 00:43:06,319 out all the way up to 600 pounds of load 1241 00:43:11,670 --> 00:43:08,720 if we want to and it's all based on a 1242 00:43:13,670 --> 00:43:11,680 couple big tubes that are vacuumed 1243 00:43:15,990 --> 00:43:13,680 and you're really pushing against the 1244 00:43:17,990 --> 00:43:16,000 pressure of the air in the cabin with a 1245 00:43:19,589 --> 00:43:18,000 lever arm that makes it all work out so 1246 00:43:21,349 --> 00:43:19,599 that you can get a really good workout 1247 00:43:22,630 --> 00:43:21,359 and we exercise two and a half hours 1248 00:43:24,069 --> 00:43:22,640 every day 1249 00:43:25,589 --> 00:43:24,079 the whole time you're up there and 1250 00:43:28,069 --> 00:43:25,599 that's important to keep your bones in 1251 00:43:30,150 --> 00:43:28,079 good shape and to keep your muscle 1252 00:43:32,069 --> 00:43:30,160 muscle tone 1253 00:43:35,030 --> 00:43:32,079 fantastic question thank you 1254 00:43:37,750 --> 00:43:35,040 yes my name is rosalind ellis hyde i'm 1255 00:43:39,750 --> 00:43:37,760 from baltimore maryland i'm extremely 1256 00:43:42,950 --> 00:43:39,760 interested in the psychological and 1257 00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:42,960 artistic aspects of space travel i write 1258 00:43:47,270 --> 00:43:45,280 poetry about space travel 1259 00:43:49,030 --> 00:43:47,280 and i know that some of the astronauts 1260 00:43:50,150 --> 00:43:49,040 in the apollo program were very 1261 00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:50,160 interested 1262 00:43:55,349 --> 00:43:53,599 in this particular subject jim irwin 1263 00:43:58,069 --> 00:43:55,359 being one of them and the other i 1264 00:44:00,390 --> 00:43:58,079 believe his name was charles duke 1265 00:44:02,470 --> 00:44:00,400 and they did a number of psychological 1266 00:44:05,190 --> 00:44:02,480 experiments and i was wondering if this 1267 00:44:06,470 --> 00:44:05,200 has ever factored into your flight plans 1268 00:44:09,510 --> 00:44:06,480 well we do 1269 00:44:10,630 --> 00:44:09,520 we as well we look at a lot of different 1270 00:44:12,309 --> 00:44:10,640 things 1271 00:44:14,390 --> 00:44:12,319 with the way our brain behaves we take 1272 00:44:16,710 --> 00:44:14,400 some tests regularly called winscat to 1273 00:44:19,030 --> 00:44:16,720 make sure our cognitive processing 1274 00:44:21,349 --> 00:44:19,040 to see how that's changing with time a 1275 00:44:23,829 --> 00:44:21,359 lot of the the scientific 1276 00:44:26,309 --> 00:44:23,839 individual human science we do 1277 00:44:28,550 --> 00:44:26,319 might be looking and interpreting images 1278 00:44:30,950 --> 00:44:28,560 and stuff on on a display while we're 1279 00:44:32,630 --> 00:44:30,960 free floating and comparing the way we 1280 00:44:34,870 --> 00:44:32,640 interpreted them on the ground to what 1281 00:44:36,309 --> 00:44:34,880 we see in space and then there are there 1282 00:44:38,470 --> 00:44:36,319 are some other things where we'll 1283 00:44:41,670 --> 00:44:38,480 they'll they'll ask us to do some things 1284 00:44:43,670 --> 00:44:41,680 maybe maybe um listen to at some tones 1285 00:44:45,670 --> 00:44:43,680 or something like that and then make 1286 00:44:47,510 --> 00:44:45,680 estimates on how we're feeling so you 1287 00:44:49,910 --> 00:44:47,520 know as a as a pilot i kind of don't 1288 00:44:52,069 --> 00:44:49,920 understand that whole thing but i do 1289 00:44:55,510 --> 00:44:52,079 feel it and i felt some things in space 1290 00:44:57,349 --> 00:44:55,520 that surprised me and um just just the 1291 00:44:59,349 --> 00:44:57,359 kind of the way i felt about looking at 1292 00:45:00,870 --> 00:44:59,359 the earth i i found that after i'd been 1293 00:45:03,030 --> 00:45:00,880 there for a few months i i had a 1294 00:45:04,790 --> 00:45:03,040 different feeling about it there was it 1295 00:45:06,230 --> 00:45:04,800 was kind of emotional and so some of 1296 00:45:08,150 --> 00:45:06,240 those things are very interesting to me 1297 00:45:10,630 --> 00:45:08,160 and i wrote them down and and may you 1298 00:45:11,910 --> 00:45:10,640 know may when i when the pace slows down 1299 00:45:14,230 --> 00:45:11,920 a little bit think a little bit more 1300 00:45:16,870 --> 00:45:14,240 about those things please read the book 1301 00:45:19,510 --> 00:45:16,880 uh called to rule the night by jim irwin 1302 00:45:20,950 --> 00:45:19,520 to rule the night yes he was apollo 15. 1303 00:45:22,069 --> 00:45:20,960 he was the uh 1304 00:45:23,670 --> 00:45:22,079 um 1305 00:45:25,750 --> 00:45:23,680 i don't know not the commander but the 1306 00:45:28,790 --> 00:45:25,760 second in command and he had some 1307 00:45:30,790 --> 00:45:28,800 absolutely amazing experiences 1308 00:45:32,390 --> 00:45:30,800 and it's called to rule the night and 1309 00:45:34,870 --> 00:45:32,400 i'm sure you can get it in the nasa 1310 00:45:38,309 --> 00:45:34,880 library thank you fantastic okay thank 1311 00:45:40,069 --> 00:45:38,319 you very much this is a great question 1312 00:45:42,150 --> 00:45:40,079 thank you so much colonel for coming to 1313 00:45:43,750 --> 00:45:42,160 speak with us today happy to be here i'm 1314 00:45:45,109 --> 00:45:43,760 lynn fairley i'm from santa barbara 1315 00:45:46,950 --> 00:45:45,119 california 1316 00:45:49,510 --> 00:45:46,960 you said you weigh a ton when you get 1317 00:45:51,109 --> 00:45:49,520 down on the ground 1318 00:45:53,109 --> 00:45:51,119 that was an interesting statement the 1319 00:45:55,510 --> 00:45:53,119 longer you're in space do you feel 1320 00:45:57,270 --> 00:45:55,520 heavier when you arrive back on earth 1321 00:45:59,430 --> 00:45:57,280 how long does it take to recover a 1322 00:46:01,430 --> 00:45:59,440 feeling of just normalcy in your human 1323 00:46:02,630 --> 00:46:01,440 body here on earth what do you do to get 1324 00:46:05,030 --> 00:46:02,640 that feeling 1325 00:46:07,430 --> 00:46:05,040 that's um that's a fantastic question 1326 00:46:09,109 --> 00:46:07,440 and one of the things that i found the 1327 00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:09,119 most confusing when i came back from my 1328 00:46:11,910 --> 00:46:10,319 shuttle flight 1329 00:46:14,870 --> 00:46:11,920 was how 1330 00:46:17,430 --> 00:46:14,880 how weak i felt but how strong i was on 1331 00:46:19,030 --> 00:46:17,440 the other hand normally normally we when 1332 00:46:21,109 --> 00:46:19,040 we pull on something 1333 00:46:21,910 --> 00:46:21,119 if you were to do a pull-up for example 1334 00:46:23,109 --> 00:46:21,920 uh 1335 00:46:25,270 --> 00:46:23,119 on earth 1336 00:46:27,190 --> 00:46:25,280 you might you might feel like it's very 1337 00:46:29,510 --> 00:46:27,200 hard but you might be strong enough to 1338 00:46:31,910 --> 00:46:29,520 do more than than you thought 1339 00:46:33,910 --> 00:46:31,920 there's a sensory perception as well as 1340 00:46:35,510 --> 00:46:33,920 the real strength that you have 1341 00:46:36,950 --> 00:46:35,520 when i came back from 1342 00:46:38,950 --> 00:46:36,960 space station 1343 00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:38,960 because of this advanced resistive 1344 00:46:44,150 --> 00:46:40,640 exercise device this weight lifting 1345 00:46:46,790 --> 00:46:44,160 machine we had i was actually stronger 1346 00:46:49,910 --> 00:46:46,800 about 20 stronger in my upper body than 1347 00:46:51,349 --> 00:46:49,920 before when i left and if you would ask 1348 00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:51,359 me when you when you hung me from the 1349 00:46:55,030 --> 00:46:53,280 bar and they said see how many pull-ups 1350 00:46:57,589 --> 00:46:55,040 you can do i would have said i can't 1351 00:46:59,910 --> 00:46:57,599 even do one but in truth i could do even 1352 00:47:01,430 --> 00:46:59,920 more than before i left so that's a very 1353 00:47:03,349 --> 00:47:01,440 interesting phenomenon i think that 1354 00:47:06,069 --> 00:47:03,359 sensory perception it's the same thing 1355 00:47:09,270 --> 00:47:06,079 with with picking things up because 1356 00:47:11,270 --> 00:47:09,280 because for 144 days in space i never 1357 00:47:13,829 --> 00:47:11,280 used any kind of hand pressure on 1358 00:47:15,990 --> 00:47:13,839 anything even that really big device you 1359 00:47:18,150 --> 00:47:16,000 saw us moving through the laboratory 1360 00:47:19,109 --> 00:47:18,160 even though it might be 300 pounds of 1361 00:47:21,750 --> 00:47:19,119 mass 1362 00:47:23,750 --> 00:47:21,760 it um it just you just touch it gently 1363 00:47:26,150 --> 00:47:23,760 and you move everything so gently that 1364 00:47:28,390 --> 00:47:26,160 in a hut for a hundred and some days a 1365 00:47:29,510 --> 00:47:28,400 long time you just don't put any kind of 1366 00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,520 pressure on anything and you've probably 1367 00:47:32,710 --> 00:47:31,040 heard stories about astronauts dropping 1368 00:47:34,870 --> 00:47:32,720 things when they come home because 1369 00:47:37,030 --> 00:47:34,880 you'll pick up a cup and you what you've 1370 00:47:38,950 --> 00:47:37,040 done before is you just you just feather 1371 00:47:40,549 --> 00:47:38,960 touch it to keep it in position but now 1372 00:47:42,150 --> 00:47:40,559 with gravity it's going to be pulled 1373 00:47:44,470 --> 00:47:42,160 free from your hands crashed to the 1374 00:47:45,910 --> 00:47:44,480 floor and we all learned that lesson i 1375 00:47:47,670 --> 00:47:45,920 did it again after this flight even 1376 00:47:49,750 --> 00:47:47,680 though i said i wasn't going to 1377 00:47:52,150 --> 00:47:49,760 right on my kitchen floor so 1378 00:47:54,390 --> 00:47:52,160 anyway those those things are really 1379 00:47:56,309 --> 00:47:54,400 interesting and uh and unique and 1380 00:47:58,150 --> 00:47:56,319 there's a lot of study going on about 1381 00:48:00,470 --> 00:47:58,160 getting past those one of the things we 1382 00:48:02,870 --> 00:48:00,480 do is we work with rehabilitation guys 1383 00:48:04,470 --> 00:48:02,880 directly i mean the day we get home we 1384 00:48:05,510 --> 00:48:04,480 start doing stuff 1385 00:48:07,829 --> 00:48:05,520 you know 1386 00:48:09,670 --> 00:48:07,839 walking standing on one leg for a while 1387 00:48:11,270 --> 00:48:09,680 and and hiking across the gym floor and 1388 00:48:12,549 --> 00:48:11,280 back and that sort of thing and they're 1389 00:48:14,870 --> 00:48:12,559 they're really building us back to 1390 00:48:16,309 --> 00:48:14,880 normalcy and it takes it takes about six 1391 00:48:18,470 --> 00:48:16,319 weeks before you're close to a hundred 1392 00:48:20,790 --> 00:48:18,480 percent and about three weeks two and a 1393 00:48:23,190 --> 00:48:20,800 half weeks before you're not dangerous 1394 00:48:25,270 --> 00:48:23,200 dangerous that's funny and no more 1395 00:48:27,829 --> 00:48:25,280 snorting russian shampoo 1396 00:48:29,430 --> 00:48:27,839 that's exactly right so it's a sensory 1397 00:48:31,670 --> 00:48:29,440 perception 1398 00:48:32,829 --> 00:48:31,680 yes that you're weaker than you really 1399 00:48:35,670 --> 00:48:32,839 are 1400 00:48:37,109 --> 00:48:35,680 yes second question i noticed in one of 1401 00:48:39,670 --> 00:48:37,119 the last shots you had a really 1402 00:48:42,069 --> 00:48:39,680 hilarious piece of astro turf that 1403 00:48:43,589 --> 00:48:42,079 looked like grass underneath your seats 1404 00:48:44,870 --> 00:48:43,599 why did you put asteroid turf in 1405 00:48:46,790 --> 00:48:44,880 kazakhstan 1406 00:48:48,470 --> 00:48:46,800 well of course we get pulled out of the 1407 00:48:50,230 --> 00:48:48,480 capsule and we're pretty much 1408 00:48:52,470 --> 00:48:50,240 all we're doing is looking at sky and 1409 00:48:54,710 --> 00:48:52,480 you know breathing the fresh air 1410 00:48:56,390 --> 00:48:54,720 i guess they put it out there so that we 1411 00:48:58,230 --> 00:48:56,400 people could stand there and not slip 1412 00:48:59,750 --> 00:48:58,240 around that's all i'm guessing 1413 00:49:01,030 --> 00:48:59,760 i did see it when i came out of the 1414 00:49:02,470 --> 00:49:01,040 capsule and of course it was 1415 00:49:04,390 --> 00:49:02,480 snow-covered 1416 00:49:06,870 --> 00:49:04,400 kazakhstan at that point it was actually 1417 00:49:08,470 --> 00:49:06,880 about that deep with a big crust on top 1418 00:49:10,630 --> 00:49:08,480 so they had a hard time carrying us 1419 00:49:12,790 --> 00:49:10,640 around and i guess they they mashed an 1420 00:49:14,630 --> 00:49:12,800 area down and put that grass down 1421 00:49:16,630 --> 00:49:14,640 just just so they wouldn't slip around 1422 00:49:18,309 --> 00:49:16,640 perhaps very funny thanks again it's 1423 00:49:21,510 --> 00:49:18,319 been fascinating nice you noticed that 1424 00:49:25,829 --> 00:49:23,990 hi my name is eric front i'm from 1425 00:49:28,390 --> 00:49:25,839 jacksonville north carolina 1426 00:49:30,710 --> 00:49:28,400 first of all i had the honor of making 1427 00:49:33,349 --> 00:49:30,720 the clevis joints and the uh 1428 00:49:36,069 --> 00:49:33,359 radiators uh for the space shuttle oh 1429 00:49:37,510 --> 00:49:36,079 man and uh congratulations you know 1430 00:49:40,230 --> 00:49:37,520 it feels good for me 1431 00:49:42,069 --> 00:49:40,240 but um are you guys training for you 1432 00:49:43,670 --> 00:49:42,079 they got the dragon 1433 00:49:46,390 --> 00:49:43,680 they're gonna have a man thing are you 1434 00:49:48,790 --> 00:49:46,400 guys training already for that 1435 00:49:51,349 --> 00:49:48,800 particular space no correct not training 1436 00:49:52,870 --> 00:49:51,359 not training for it yet in a manned role 1437 00:49:54,470 --> 00:49:52,880 i think the development we have some 1438 00:49:56,309 --> 00:49:54,480 astronauts in the office 1439 00:49:58,150 --> 00:49:56,319 that are part of the development and 1440 00:49:59,270 --> 00:49:58,160 they actually can't even tell us stuff 1441 00:50:00,470 --> 00:49:59,280 uh one of the pro you know with the 1442 00:50:02,470 --> 00:50:00,480 commercial thing one of the things they 1443 00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:02,480 have to be care careful about in 1444 00:50:06,150 --> 00:50:04,720 development is this proprietary uh 1445 00:50:07,670 --> 00:50:06,160 rights and that sort of thing but we do 1446 00:50:09,109 --> 00:50:07,680 have astronauts that are out there and 1447 00:50:11,589 --> 00:50:09,119 in tune with the people who are making 1448 00:50:13,750 --> 00:50:11,599 the designs to make sure that you know 1449 00:50:15,510 --> 00:50:13,760 our concerns are satisfied at the same 1450 00:50:17,430 --> 00:50:15,520 time when we finally have a man-rated 1451 00:50:18,870 --> 00:50:17,440 dragon we don't want to say you have to 1452 00:50:20,870 --> 00:50:18,880 go back to the drawing board we want to 1453 00:50:22,309 --> 00:50:20,880 say hey we're happy with it when it 1454 00:50:24,069 --> 00:50:22,319 finally arrives at our doorstep and of 1455 00:50:26,470 --> 00:50:24,079 course it will happen 1456 00:50:29,349 --> 00:50:26,480 sometime down the road dragon is was a 1457 00:50:32,309 --> 00:50:29,359 beautiful vehicle on board and uh right 1458 00:50:34,150 --> 00:50:32,319 now it it needs a lot of enhancements 1459 00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:34,160 obviously to fly people including you 1460 00:50:39,270 --> 00:50:37,599 know emergency escape provisions and uh 1461 00:50:40,870 --> 00:50:39,280 environmental control systems and that 1462 00:50:42,710 --> 00:50:40,880 sort of thing so 1463 00:50:44,309 --> 00:50:42,720 it's got a it's got a ways to go but i 1464 00:50:46,710 --> 00:50:44,319 think it's capable the only reason why i 1465 00:50:48,309 --> 00:50:46,720 asked that question is is because 1466 00:50:50,630 --> 00:50:48,319 to me 1467 00:50:51,589 --> 00:50:50,640 helped building that beautiful machine 1468 00:50:53,670 --> 00:50:51,599 over there 1469 00:50:55,829 --> 00:50:53,680 they retired it too early you know 1470 00:50:56,790 --> 00:50:55,839 because we went from 1471 00:50:58,470 --> 00:50:56,800 100 1472 00:51:00,549 --> 00:50:58,480 almost to zero percent and now we're 1473 00:51:02,950 --> 00:51:00,559 dependent on somebody else and the space 1474 00:51:05,190 --> 00:51:02,960 shuttle also lifted up the uh 1475 00:51:06,549 --> 00:51:05,200 space station to um 1476 00:51:07,510 --> 00:51:06,559 because it's falling 1477 00:51:09,750 --> 00:51:07,520 yeah 1478 00:51:11,910 --> 00:51:09,760 what lifts it up now well we can we can 1479 00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:11,920 still use uh propellant from the space 1480 00:51:16,710 --> 00:51:14,319 station we can take propellant up one 1481 00:51:18,390 --> 00:51:16,720 progress and also the the atv the 1482 00:51:21,750 --> 00:51:18,400 automated transfer vehicle the esa 1483 00:51:23,510 --> 00:51:21,760 vehicle and uh take propellant up and 1484 00:51:25,030 --> 00:51:23,520 they can use the propellant from the 1485 00:51:26,549 --> 00:51:25,040 back end of the space station or they 1486 00:51:28,470 --> 00:51:26,559 can use the vehicle while it's docked 1487 00:51:31,750 --> 00:51:28,480 there itself to give it a little bit of 1488 00:51:33,510 --> 00:51:31,760 extra boost and that's done regularly 1489 00:51:35,430 --> 00:51:33,520 more often than once a month almost to 1490 00:51:37,190 --> 00:51:35,440 go ahead and add a little bit of of 1491 00:51:38,790 --> 00:51:37,200 energy to the space station to keep its 1492 00:51:40,630 --> 00:51:38,800 orbit up where where it needs to be so 1493 00:51:42,309 --> 00:51:40,640 that's what we do and that's of course 1494 00:51:44,950 --> 00:51:42,319 we did do that with uh with the space 1495 00:51:46,390 --> 00:51:44,960 shuttle so and we did we absolutely did 1496 00:51:48,470 --> 00:51:46,400 hate to say goodbye to our space 1497 00:51:49,910 --> 00:51:48,480 shuttles i agree with you i thank you 1498 00:51:54,390 --> 00:51:49,920 for your time yeah thank you for your 1499 00:51:58,470 --> 00:51:56,710 all right a few more i'm shania from 1500 00:52:00,630 --> 00:51:58,480 nashville uh-huh 1501 00:52:02,790 --> 00:52:00,640 i wanted to know what's a benefit for 1502 00:52:06,069 --> 00:52:02,800 you to go to school longer than what's 1503 00:52:08,870 --> 00:52:06,079 required i'm sorry more time 1504 00:52:10,710 --> 00:52:08,880 i said i wanted to know what's a benefit 1505 00:52:12,549 --> 00:52:10,720 for you to go to school longer than 1506 00:52:14,790 --> 00:52:12,559 what's required 1507 00:52:18,390 --> 00:52:14,800 what's the benefit for me to 1508 00:52:19,589 --> 00:52:18,400 go to school longer go to school longer 1509 00:52:20,870 --> 00:52:19,599 is that what you said go to school 1510 00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:20,880 longer 1511 00:52:25,990 --> 00:52:23,200 well um you know i've kind of been like 1512 00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:26,000 a student my whole life 1513 00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:27,760 even even when you're all done with 1514 00:52:31,349 --> 00:52:30,400 school and you're done with university 1515 00:52:38,710 --> 00:52:31,359 and 1516 00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:38,720 take uh 1517 00:52:42,069 --> 00:52:40,240 all kinds of uh 1518 00:52:44,150 --> 00:52:42,079 tests sometimes before committees and 1519 00:52:46,630 --> 00:52:44,160 that sort of thing and of course the 1520 00:52:49,430 --> 00:52:46,640 ultimate test is can we can we do the 1521 00:52:51,030 --> 00:52:49,440 job on the space station so school yeah 1522 00:52:53,270 --> 00:52:51,040 school is kind of learned teaching you 1523 00:52:54,790 --> 00:52:53,280 how to learn i always looked at school 1524 00:52:56,549 --> 00:52:54,800 most as 1525 00:52:58,309 --> 00:52:56,559 well maybe i won't use this material 1526 00:53:00,630 --> 00:52:58,319 directly but learning how to assimilate 1527 00:53:03,190 --> 00:53:00,640 this material in case i do need it as 1528 00:53:04,710 --> 00:53:03,200 kind of the most important thing so a 1529 00:53:06,549 --> 00:53:04,720 lot a lot of school and learning to 1530 00:53:08,390 --> 00:53:06,559 become a good student is really is 1531 00:53:10,230 --> 00:53:08,400 really good for any career field i think 1532 00:53:11,829 --> 00:53:10,240 you should always study and keep up with 1533 00:53:15,349 --> 00:53:11,839 your career field regardless of what it 1534 00:53:17,190 --> 00:53:15,359 is and in my business we we even keep 1535 00:53:19,190 --> 00:53:17,200 having exams right up until the launch 1536 00:53:21,910 --> 00:53:19,200 pad and if you if you think about it the 1537 00:53:24,069 --> 00:53:21,920 the launch itself is an exam of sorts 1538 00:53:25,750 --> 00:53:24,079 so just getting it just getting in tune 1539 00:53:28,230 --> 00:53:25,760 with uh staying with that education is 1540 00:53:31,109 --> 00:53:28,240 important thing 1541 00:53:35,190 --> 00:53:33,430 hi my name is aziza kevil 1542 00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:35,200 i was a flight surgeon in the united 1543 00:53:37,510 --> 00:53:36,720 states air force 1544 00:53:39,109 --> 00:53:37,520 so 1545 00:53:40,870 --> 00:53:39,119 i'm very much interested in the space 1546 00:53:42,230 --> 00:53:40,880 flight i was 1547 00:53:44,230 --> 00:53:42,240 stationed that bill where there the 1548 00:53:46,630 --> 00:53:44,240 sr-71 1549 00:53:48,549 --> 00:53:46,640 so we were always interested in what 1550 00:53:50,870 --> 00:53:48,559 blood changes happen in your body when 1551 00:53:51,670 --> 00:53:50,880 you're in space what changes well yeah 1552 00:53:53,670 --> 00:53:51,680 like 1553 00:53:54,630 --> 00:53:53,680 do you lose a lot of calcium and vitamin 1554 00:53:59,109 --> 00:53:54,640 d 1555 00:54:00,710 --> 00:53:59,119 recover well uh you're right they have 1556 00:54:02,309 --> 00:54:00,720 recognized that that's a problem up 1557 00:54:04,549 --> 00:54:02,319 there certainly uh during the mere 1558 00:54:07,109 --> 00:54:04,559 program uh long duration flights people 1559 00:54:09,510 --> 00:54:07,119 were losing a lot of bone mass and also 1560 00:54:10,790 --> 00:54:09,520 structure and you can rebuild it back on 1561 00:54:12,069 --> 00:54:10,800 the ground but sometimes it's a very 1562 00:54:14,150 --> 00:54:12,079 different structure on the ground when 1563 00:54:16,630 --> 00:54:14,160 you rebuild it back so we are really 1564 00:54:18,549 --> 00:54:16,640 trying hard to maintain our bone our 1565 00:54:20,950 --> 00:54:18,559 bone mass and we take vitamin d 1566 00:54:23,349 --> 00:54:20,960 supplements every day on board 1567 00:54:24,549 --> 00:54:23,359 to help with that and then the nutrition 1568 00:54:26,549 --> 00:54:24,559 experts 1569 00:54:28,710 --> 00:54:26,559 are can continue to refine what they 1570 00:54:30,630 --> 00:54:28,720 what they feed us and what we eat the 1571 00:54:32,710 --> 00:54:30,640 changes in our body are kind of 1572 00:54:34,230 --> 00:54:32,720 remarkable one of the things 1573 00:54:35,589 --> 00:54:34,240 that seems to be true for space flight 1574 00:54:37,270 --> 00:54:35,599 is that you can eat as much as you want 1575 00:54:39,349 --> 00:54:37,280 to and you won't gain weight i don't 1576 00:54:41,430 --> 00:54:39,359 really know why but your metabolism and 1577 00:54:43,750 --> 00:54:41,440 zero gravity is just confused enough 1578 00:54:44,789 --> 00:54:43,760 that there's some subtle changes to it 1579 00:54:46,390 --> 00:54:44,799 so 1580 00:54:48,069 --> 00:54:46,400 we we 1581 00:54:50,789 --> 00:54:48,079 we see a lot of things up there very 1582 00:54:52,710 --> 00:54:50,799 interesting and those those flight docs 1583 00:54:54,470 --> 00:54:52,720 they look at us once a week they talk to 1584 00:54:56,630 --> 00:54:54,480 us and they look at everything we're 1585 00:54:58,549 --> 00:54:56,640 doing and they've they found a way to 1586 00:55:00,230 --> 00:54:58,559 keep us in shape and now nowadays keep 1587 00:55:02,390 --> 00:55:00,240 our bones uh where they're supposed to 1588 00:55:04,390 --> 00:55:02,400 be and our muscle tissues too so one of 1589 00:55:05,670 --> 00:55:04,400 the great benefits of the iss i think 1590 00:55:07,430 --> 00:55:05,680 for the future 1591 00:55:09,270 --> 00:55:07,440 so i'm getting i'm getting the word here 1592 00:55:11,510 --> 00:55:09,280 it's time to wrap it up or do we have 1593 00:55:14,870 --> 00:55:11,520 time for one more thank you okay thank 1594 00:55:18,390 --> 00:55:16,309 you said wrap it up 1595 00:55:21,109 --> 00:55:18,400 all right well thanks again uh 1596 00:55:22,789 --> 00:55:21,119 what a great uh great room to be in uh 1597 00:55:24,390 --> 00:55:22,799 space shuttle main engine back here 1598 00:55:25,829 --> 00:55:24,400 models i'm not going to leave here until 1599 00:55:28,549 --> 00:55:25,839 i have a chance to look over the space 1600 00:55:30,549 --> 00:55:28,559 station model and it's just been a 1601 00:55:33,030 --> 00:55:30,559 fantastic experience with all of you 1602 00:55:34,390 --> 00:55:33,040 today great to be here and 1603 00:55:36,630 --> 00:55:34,400 if you have any questions maybe i can